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      Antibiotic resistance genes in surface water of eutrophic urban lakes are related to heavy metals, antibiotics, lake morphology and anthropic impact.

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          Abstract

          Urban lakes are impacted by heavy human activities and represent potential reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes. In this study, six urban lakes in Wuhan, central China were selected to analyze the distribution of sulfonamide resistance (sul) genes, tetracycline resistance (tet) genes and quinolone resistance (qnr) genes and their relationship with heavy metals, antibiotics, lake morphology and anthropic impact. sul1 and sul2 were detected in all six lakes and dominated the types of antibiotic resistance genes, which accounted for 86.28-97.79% of the total antibiotic resistance gene abundance. For eight tested tet genes, antibiotic efflux pumps (tetA, tetB, tetC, and tetG) genes were all observed in six lakes and had higher relative abundance than ribosomal protection protein genes (tetM and tetQ). For 4 plasmid mediated quinolone resistance genes, only qnrD is found in all six lakes. The class I integron (intI1) is also found to be a very important media for antibiotic resistance gene propagation in urban lakes. The results of redundancy analysis and variation partitioning analysis showed that antibiotic and co-selection with heavy metals were the major factors driving the propagation of antibiotic resistance genes in six urban lakes. The heavily eutrophic Nanhu Lake and Shahu Lake which located in a high density building area with heavy human activities had the higher relative abundance of total antibiotic resistance genes. Our study could provide a useful reference for antibiotic resistance gene abundance in urban lakes with high anthropic impact.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Ecotoxicology
          Ecotoxicology (London, England)
          Springer Nature
          1573-3017
          0963-9292
          May 17 2017
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
          [2 ] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
          [3 ] Institute of Environmental Resources and Soil Fertilizers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
          [4 ] Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China. wangjun@wbgcas.cn.
          [5 ] Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China. wangjun@wbgcas.cn.
          Article
          10.1007/s10646-017-1814-3
          10.1007/s10646-017-1814-3
          28516210
          25c2611a-508b-4cd5-beaa-e839247a630a
          History

          Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs),Antibiotics,Heavy metals,Redundancy analysis,Urban lakes

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