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      Divided : Open-Mindedness and Dogmatism in a Polarized World 

      Open-Mindedness and Dogmatism in a Polarized World

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          Abstract

          A primary purpose of this volume is to increase the scientific comprehension of open-mindedness and dogmatism. The introductory chapter “Open-Mindedness and Dogmatism in a Polarized World: Core Concepts and Definitions” provides conceptual definitions of open-mindedness, dogmatism, and related constructs that appear in the psychology and political science literature (e.g., authoritarianism, intellectual humility, overconfidence). Conceptual definitions are gleaned from both classic and contemporary theory and research. Definitions are also gathered from the volume contributors. Similarities and differences among constructs are clarified and discussed. Lastly, the chapter provides a brief overview of the material contained in the remaining chapters of this edited volume.

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          Fear and Loathing across Party Lines: New Evidence on Group Polarization

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            The need for cognition.

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              The trouble with overconfidence.

              The authors present a reconciliation of 3 distinct ways in which the research literature has defined overconfidence: (a) overestimation of one's actual performance, (b) overplacement of one's performance relative to others, and (c) excessive precision in one's beliefs. Experimental evidence shows that reversals of the first 2 (apparent underconfidence), when they occur, tend to be on different types of tasks. On difficult tasks, people overestimate their actual performances but also mistakenly believe that they are worse than others; on easy tasks, people underestimate their actual performances but mistakenly believe they are better than others. The authors offer a straightforward theory that can explain these inconsistencies. Overprecision appears to be more persistent than either of the other 2 types of overconfidence, but its presence reduces the magnitude of both overestimation and overplacement.
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                Book Chapter
                September 14 2023
                : 3-18
                10.1093/oso/9780197655467.003.0001
                04abaace-c69c-41e5-b4f5-bf16bf990ae9
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