The Reduction of Inequality in Latin America during 2000–2010: A Path to Development?

Notes

1. In the 1950s, economists of the CEPAL perspective warned against this feature and created the underdevelopment concept, to refer to the specific way in which the region absorbs technical progress and distributes income.

2. Sachs and Warner (1997) confirm that the countries with most natural resources exports grew slowly in the last 20 years. Thus, a negative relation is established between natural resource-intensive product exports and economic growth.

3. Development policies should have, among their outlines, measures aimed at strengthening the productive process, focusing on improving insertion to the labor market.

4. As to development theories, there is debate on market industrialized economies and the possibility of improvement for post-industrial and service economies. In this perspective, economies would begin from a subsistence traditional society condition, going through a growing industrialization and productive and social differentiation phase, to a consolidation of a society supplemented by the secondary and third sectors. In the case of Latin America, we see that such supplementary nature is questioned to the extent that the modern sector becomes less dynamic.

5. This phenomenon, which takes place in the peripheries of capitalism, was referred to as “structural heterogeneity” by Anibal Pinto.