Cyber Threat in Interstate Relations: Case of US-Russia Cyber Tensions

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Policy Perspectives: The Journal of the Institute of Policy Studies

Volume 15, Issue 2

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Cyber Threat in Interstate Relations: Case of US-Russia Cyber Tensions

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Author(s): Dr. Muhammad Riaz Shad

Publication date (Print): 2018

Journal: Policy Perspectives: The Journal of the Institute of Policy Studies

Publisher: Pluto Journals

Keywords: Cyber Threat, Interstate Relations, Cyber Warfare, Deterrence, US-Russia Tensions, Information Warfare, US Presidential Elections

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Abstract

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (doi): 10.13169

Journal ID (publisher-id): polipers

Title: Policy Perspectives: The Journal of the Institute of Policy Studies

Publisher: Pluto Journals

ISSN (Print): 18121829

ISSN (Electronic): 18127347

Publication date (Print): 2018

Volume: 15

Issue: 2

Pages: 41-55

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Dr. Muhammad Riaz Shad, Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad.

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Publisher ID: polipers.15.2.0041

DOI: 10.13169/polipers.15.2.0041

SO-VID: 4a62c16c-c6e5-4dd3-bf83-bdb7cbd4517e

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All content is freely available without charge to users or their institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission of the publisher or the author. Articles published in the journal are distributed under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Education,Religious studies & Theology,Social & Behavioral Sciences,Law,Economics

Keywords: US-Russia Tensions,Information Warfare,Cyber Threat,Deterrence,US Presidential Elections,Interstate Relations,Cyber Warfare

References

Michael Riley, Sarah Frier and Stephanie Baker, “Understanding the Facebook-Cambridge Analytica Story: Quick Take,” The Washington Post , April 11, 2018.
Joseph S. Nye, “Deterrence and Dissuasion in Cyberspace,” International Security 41, (2016/2017): 44.
Nazli Choucri, Cyber politics in International Relations (Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 2012), 8.
Ibid., 4.
Brandon Valeriano and Ryan C Maness, “Cyberwar and Rivalry: The Dynamics of Cyber Conflict between Antagonists, 2001–2011,” Journal of Peace Research 51 (2014): 4.
Ibid., 1.
Nye, “Deterrence and Dissuasion in Cyberspace,” 53.
Ibid., 54.
Ibid., 55.
James Blitz, “UK becomes first state to admit to offensive cyber-attack capability,” Financial Times , September 29, 2013.
Jason Miks, “Israel, China and Cyber Security,” The Diplomat , February 2, 2012.
For details, see Robert Windrem, “Timeline: Ten Years of Russian Cyber Attacks on Other Nations,” NBC News , December 18, 2016, accessed August 8, 2017, http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/hacking-in-america/timeline-ten-years-russian-cyber-attacks-other-nations-n697111
Ibid.
Slavoj Žižek, “Edward Snowden, Chelsea Manning and Julian Assange: our new heroes,” The Guardian , September 3, 2013, accessed July 7, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/sep/03/snowden-manning-assange-new-heroes
Petr Bohacek, “Russia-US cyber tensions show the true threat of cyberwar,” Global Risk Insights , September 19, 2016, accessed August 7, 2017, http://globalriskinsights.com/2016/09/russia-us-cyber-true-threat-cyberwar/
Ibid.
Thomas Rid, “Cyber War Will Not Take Place,” Journal of Strategic Studies 35, (2011):5.
Ana Trueba de Buen, “The Role of Cyberspace in Interstate Tensions and Conflicts” (MA diss., Leiden University, 2016).
Ben Buchanan and Michael Sulmeyer, “Russia and Cyber Operations: Challenges and Opportunities for the next US Administration,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace , Task Force White Paper, December 13, 2016, 2.
Holly Ellyatt, “‘Black Friday’ in US-Russia relations could unleash ‘cyber-skirmishes’ and more,” CNBC , October 10, 2016, accessed July 7, 2018, https://www.cnbc.com/2016/10/10/black-friday-in-us-russia-relations-could-unleash-cyber-skirmishes-and-more.html
“18 Revelations from WikiLeaks’ Hacked Clinton Emails,” BBC News , October 27, 2016, accessed August 12, 2017, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-37639370
Spencer Ackerman and Sam Thielman, “US Officially Accuses Russia of Hacking DNC and Interfering with Election,” The Guardian , October 8, 2016, accessed August 13, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/oct/07/us-russia-dnc-hack-interfering-presidential-election
Spencer Ackerman, Sam Thielman and David Smith, “US intelligence report: Vladimir Putin ‘ordered’ operation to get Trump elected,” The Guardian , January 6, 2017, accessed August 16, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/06/vladimir-putin-us-election-interference-report-donald-trump
David E. Sanger, “Putin Ordered ‘Influence Campaign’ Aimed at U.S. Election, Report Says,” The New York Times , January 6, 2017, accessed July 8, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/06/us/politics/russia-hack-report.html
Ibid.
Dan Roberts, Ben Jacobs and Alan Yuhas, “Debbie Wasserman Schultz to resign as DNC chair as email scandal rocks Democrats,” The Guardian , July 25, 2016, accessed July 8, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jul/24/debbie-wasserman-schultz-resigns-dnc-chair-emails-sanders
Michelle Goldberg, “Truth Has Stopped Mattering in the Russia Investigation,” The New York Times , April 30, 2018, accessed July 9, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/30/opinion/truth-russia-investigation.html
Amber Phillips, “The Emerging Timeline of Obama and Russia that is Giving Democrats Heartburn,” The Washington Post , June 23, 2017, accessed September 7, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/06/23/even-democrats-wanted-obama-to-speak-out-much-sooner-about-russia/?utm_term=.074eeb092e84
Greg Miller, Ellen Nakashima and Adam Entous, “Obama's Secret Struggle to Punish Russia for Putin's Election Assault,” The Washington Post , June 23, 2017, accessed September 8, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2017/world/national-security/obama-putin-election-hacking/?utm_term=.25e13fcd074a
Ibid.
Ibid.
“Cybercom to Elevate to Combatant Command,” U.S. Department of Defense , https://www.defense.gov/News/Article/Article/1511959/cybercom-to-elevate-to-combatant-command/
John Markoff and Andrew E. Kramer, “US and Russia Differ Over a Treaty for Cyberspace,” The New York Times , June 27, 2009, accessed July 8, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/28/world/28cyber.html
“WCIT: what happened and what it means for the Internet,” EDRI , December 19, 2012, accessed July 9, 2018, https://edri.org/edrigramnumber10-24wcit-what-happend/
Nir Kshetri, “Cybersecurity and International Relations: The US Engagement with China and Russia” (Paper presented at FLACSO-ISA 2014, University of Buenos Aires, School of Economics, Buenos Aires, Argentina, July 23–25, 2014), accessed October 11, 2017, http://web.isanet.org/Web/Conferences/FLACSO-ISA%20BuenosAires%202014/Archive/6f9b6b91-0f33-4956-89fc-f9a9cde89caf.pdf
Richard Clarke and Robert K. Knake, Cyber War: The Next Threat to National Security and What to Do About It (New York: Harper-Collins Publishers, 2010), 242.
Olga Oliker and Andrey Kortunov, eds., A Roadmap for US-Russia Relations (Washington: Center for Strategic & International Studies, 2017), Executive Summary, 8.
Ibid.
Christopher S. Chivvis, “Understanding Russian “Hybrid Warfare”: And What Can be done about it,” Rand Corporation CT : 468 (Testimony presented before the House Armed Services Committee on March 22, 2017): 5.
Ben Buchanan and Michael Sulmeyer, “Russia and Cyber Operations: Challenges and Opportunities for the Next U.S. Administration,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (2016): 3, accessed November 10, 2017, http://carnegieendowment.org/files/12-16-16_Russia_and_Cyber_Operations.pdf

Comments

Comment on this article

[1] Michael Riley, Sarah Frier and Stephanie Baker, “Understanding the Facebook-Cambridge Analytica Story: Quick Take,” The Washington Post , April 11, 2018.

[2] Joseph S. Nye, “Deterrence and Dissuasion in Cyberspace,” International Security 41, (2016/2017): 44.

[3] Nazli Choucri, Cyber politics in International Relations (Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 2012), 8.

[4] Ibid., 4.

[5] Brandon Valeriano and Ryan C Maness, “Cyberwar and Rivalry: The Dynamics of Cyber Conflict between Antagonists, 2001–2011,” Journal of Peace Research 51 (2014): 4.

[6] Ibid., 1.

[7] Nye, “Deterrence and Dissuasion in Cyberspace,” 53.

[8] Ibid., 54.

[9] Ibid., 55.

[10] James Blitz, “UK becomes first state to admit to offensive cyber-attack capability,” Financial Times , September 29, 2013.

[11] Jason Miks, “Israel, China and Cyber Security,” The Diplomat , February 2, 2012.

[12] For details, see Robert Windrem, “Timeline: Ten Years of Russian Cyber Attacks on Other Nations,” NBC News , December 18, 2016, accessed August 8, 2017, http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/hacking-in-america/timeline-ten-years-russian-cyber-attacks-other-nations-n697111

[13] Ibid.

[14] Slavoj Žižek, “Edward Snowden, Chelsea Manning and Julian Assange: our new heroes,” The Guardian , September 3, 2013, accessed July 7, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/sep/03/snowden-manning-assange-new-heroes

[15] Petr Bohacek, “Russia-US cyber tensions show the true threat of cyberwar,” Global Risk Insights , September 19, 2016, accessed August 7, 2017, http://globalriskinsights.com/2016/09/russia-us-cyber-true-threat-cyberwar/

[16] Ibid.

[17] Thomas Rid, “Cyber War Will Not Take Place,” Journal of Strategic Studies 35, (2011):5.

[18] Ana Trueba de Buen, “The Role of Cyberspace in Interstate Tensions and Conflicts” (MA diss., Leiden University, 2016).

[19] Ben Buchanan and Michael Sulmeyer, “Russia and Cyber Operations: Challenges and Opportunities for the next US Administration,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace , Task Force White Paper, December 13, 2016, 2.

[20] Holly Ellyatt, “‘Black Friday’ in US-Russia relations could unleash ‘cyber-skirmishes’ and more,” CNBC , October 10, 2016, accessed July 7, 2018, https://www.cnbc.com/2016/10/10/black-friday-in-us-russia-relations-could-unleash-cyber-skirmishes-and-more.html

[21] “18 Revelations from WikiLeaks’ Hacked Clinton Emails,” BBC News , October 27, 2016, accessed August 12, 2017, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-37639370

[22] Spencer Ackerman and Sam Thielman, “US Officially Accuses Russia of Hacking DNC and Interfering with Election,” The Guardian , October 8, 2016, accessed August 13, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/oct/07/us-russia-dnc-hack-interfering-presidential-election

[23] Spencer Ackerman, Sam Thielman and David Smith, “US intelligence report: Vladimir Putin ‘ordered’ operation to get Trump elected,” The Guardian , January 6, 2017, accessed August 16, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/06/vladimir-putin-us-election-interference-report-donald-trump

[24] David E. Sanger, “Putin Ordered ‘Influence Campaign’ Aimed at U.S. Election, Report Says,” The New York Times , January 6, 2017, accessed July 8, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/06/us/politics/russia-hack-report.html

[25] Ibid.

[26] Dan Roberts, Ben Jacobs and Alan Yuhas, “Debbie Wasserman Schultz to resign as DNC chair as email scandal rocks Democrats,” The Guardian , July 25, 2016, accessed July 8, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jul/24/debbie-wasserman-schultz-resigns-dnc-chair-emails-sanders

[27] Michelle Goldberg, “Truth Has Stopped Mattering in the Russia Investigation,” The New York Times , April 30, 2018, accessed July 9, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/30/opinion/truth-russia-investigation.html

[28] Amber Phillips, “The Emerging Timeline of Obama and Russia that is Giving Democrats Heartburn,” The Washington Post , June 23, 2017, accessed September 7, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/06/23/even-democrats-wanted-obama-to-speak-out-much-sooner-about-russia/?utm_term=.074eeb092e84

[29] Greg Miller, Ellen Nakashima and Adam Entous, “Obama's Secret Struggle to Punish Russia for Putin's Election Assault,” The Washington Post , June 23, 2017, accessed September 8, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2017/world/national-security/obama-putin-election-hacking/?utm_term=.25e13fcd074a

[30] Ibid.

[31] Ibid.

[32] “Cybercom to Elevate to Combatant Command,” U.S. Department of Defense , https://www.defense.gov/News/Article/Article/1511959/cybercom-to-elevate-to-combatant-command/

[33] John Markoff and Andrew E. Kramer, “US and Russia Differ Over a Treaty for Cyberspace,” The New York Times , June 27, 2009, accessed July 8, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/28/world/28cyber.html

[34] “WCIT: what happened and what it means for the Internet,” EDRI , December 19, 2012, accessed July 9, 2018, https://edri.org/edrigramnumber10-24wcit-what-happend/

[35] Nir Kshetri, “Cybersecurity and International Relations: The US Engagement with China and Russia” (Paper presented at FLACSO-ISA 2014, University of Buenos Aires, School of Economics, Buenos Aires, Argentina, July 23–25, 2014), accessed October 11, 2017, http://web.isanet.org/Web/Conferences/FLACSO-ISA%20BuenosAires%202014/Archive/6f9b6b91-0f33-4956-89fc-f9a9cde89caf.pdf

[36] Richard Clarke and Robert K. Knake, Cyber War: The Next Threat to National Security and What to Do About It (New York: Harper-Collins Publishers, 2010), 242.

[37] Olga Oliker and Andrey Kortunov, eds., A Roadmap for US-Russia Relations (Washington: Center for Strategic & International Studies, 2017), Executive Summary, 8.

[38] Ibid.

[39] Christopher S. Chivvis, “Understanding Russian “Hybrid Warfare”: And What Can be done about it,” Rand Corporation CT : 468 (Testimony presented before the House Armed Services Committee on March 22, 2017): 5.

[40] Ben Buchanan and Michael Sulmeyer, “Russia and Cyber Operations: Challenges and Opportunities for the Next U.S. Administration,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (2016): 3, accessed November 10, 2017, http://carnegieendowment.org/files/12-16-16_Russia_and_Cyber_Operations.pdf