Multilateral Export Control Regimes State-of-Affairs and Prospects

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Policy Perspectives: The Journal of the Institute of Policy Studies

Volume 14, Issue 2

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Multilateral Export Control Regimes State-of-Affairs and Prospects

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Author(s): Zulfqar Khan , Rubina Waseem

Publication date (Print): 2017

Journal: Policy Perspectives: The Journal of the Institute of Policy Studies

Publisher: Pluto Journals

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Journal ID (doi): 10.13169

Journal ID (publisher-id): polipers

Title: Policy Perspectives: The Journal of the Institute of Policy Studies

Publisher: Pluto Journals

ISSN (Print): 18121829

ISSN (Electronic): 18127347

Publication date (Print): 2017

Volume: 14

Issue: 2

Pages: 83-112

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Dr. Zulfqar Khan is Professor and head of Strategic Studies Department, National Defense University, Islamabad. Rubina Waseem, a PhD scholar, is lecturer at the same department.

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Publisher ID: polipers.14.2.0083

DOI: 10.13169/polipers.14.2.0083

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Education,Religious studies & Theology,Social & Behavioral Sciences,Law,Economics

Bibliography

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Akram, Zamir. “Race for the NSG”, Hilal Magazine, February 2017, 2016, http://hilal.gov.pk/index.php/layouts/item/2548-race-for-the-nsg.
Alexandroff, Alan. “Before the War: Three Styles of Diplomacy,” In The Next Great War? The Roots of World War I and the Risks of US-China Conflict , eds. Richard N. Rosecrance and Steven E. Miller (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2015), 11.
Amano, Yukiya, “International Conference on Nuclear Security: Enhancing Global Efforts,” Vienna, IAEA, July 1–5, 2013, https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/statements/statement-opening-international-conference-nuclear-security-enhancing-global
“Arms Control and Proliferation Profile: Israel”, Arms Control Association , July, 2013, https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/israelprofile
Beck, Michael Beck and Seema Gahlaut, “Creating a New Multilateral Export Control Regime,” Arms Control Today , April 2003, https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2003_04/beckgahlaut_apr03 ,
Belcher, Emma. “The Proliferation Security Initiative: Lessons for Using Nonbinding Agreements,” Council on Foreign Relations , Working Paper, July 2011, 2, www.cfr.org/content/publications/…/IIGG_WorkingPaper6_PSI.pdf
Bell, Duncan. Political Thought and International Relations: Variations on a Realist Theme (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), 20–23.
Bennet, Jane and Michael J. Shapiro, eds. The Politics of Moralizing (New York: Routledge Publications, 1993), 76–80.
Berger, Thomas. “Set for Stability? Prospects for Conflict and Cooperation in East Asia,” Review of International Studies 26, No. 3 (July 2000): 420.
Bhonsle, Rahul K., Ved Prakash and Kulwant Rai Gupta, Indo-US Civil Nuclear Deal , (New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Distributors, 2007), 33.
Brodie, Bernard, ed. Absolute Weapon: Atomic Power and World Order (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1946)
Bull, Hedley. The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics (London: Palgrave MacMillan, 2012), 189.
Burns, Richard Dean and Joseph M. Siracusa. A Global History of the Nuclear Arms Race: Weapons, Strategy and Politics (California: ABC-CLIO, 2013), 528.
Chari, P.R. “From CTBT to FMCT: The Nuclear Debate in India”, IPCS Issue Brief (March 2011), http://www.ipcs.org/pdf_file/issue/IB164-Chari-FMCT.pdf
Davenport, Kelsey. “Nuclear Security Summit at a Glance”, Arms Control Association , April 2014.
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Evans, Gareth and Yoriko Kawaguchi, Eliminating Nuclear Threats: A Practical Agenda for Global Policymakers , 95–96. http://www.ycsg.yale.edu/assets/downloads/ICNND_Report-EliminatingNuclearThreats.pdf
Evans, Gareth, Tanya Ogilvie-White and Ramesh Thakur. Nuclear Weapons: The State of Play 2015 (Canberra: Australian National University, 2015), 89–155.
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Folker, Jennifer Sterling. Making Sense of International Relations Theory (New Delhi: Viva Books Pvt. Ltd., 2007), 13–17.
Goldblat, Jozef. Arms Control: The New Guide to Negotiations and Agreements (London: Sage Publications Ltd. 2002).
Haas, Ernst. “Technological Self-Reliance for Latin America: The OAS Contribution,” International Organization 4 (autumn 1980): 553.
Hasenclever, Andreas, Peter Mayer and Volker Rittberger, “Integrating Theories of International Regimes,” Review of International Studies 26, No. 1 (January 2000): 3–33.
Hirsh, Michael. “The Great Technology Giveaway,” Foreign Affairs (September/October 1998): 2–9.
Hoodbhoy, Pervez. Confronting the Bomb: Pakistani and Indian Scientists Speak out (New York: Oxford University Press 2013), 37–39.
“IAEA Safeguards Overview: Comprehensive Safeguards Agreements and Additional Protocols,” International Atomic Energy Agency , October 14, 2014, https://www.iaea.org/publications/factsheets/iaea-safeguards-overview , accessed November 20, 2016.
Jervis, Robert. The Illogic of American Nuclear Strategy (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1984)
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Kahn, Herman Kahn. On Thermonuclear War (Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1960).
Keller, William W. and Janne E. Nolan, “Proliferation of Advanced Weaponry: Threat to Stability,” Foreign Policy (Winter 1997–98);
Keohane, Robert O. and Joseph S. Nye, “Realism and Complex interdependence”, in Power and Interdependence , eds. Robert O. Keohane and Joseph S. Nye (New York: Longman, 2001), 23.
Keohane, Robert O. Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984);
Kim, Duyeon Kim “Fact Sheet: North Korea's Nuclear and Ballistic Missile Programs,” Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation , July 2013, http://armscontrolcenter.org/publications/factsheets/fact_sheet_north_korea_nuclear_and_missile_programs/
Kimball, Daryl. “The Australia Group at a Glance”, Arms Control Association , October 2012, http://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/australiagroup ,
Krasner, Stephen D. ed. International Regimes (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1983), 186.
Mandhana, Niharika. “Japan to Join US-Indian Military Exercises: Maritime Cooperation Grows as Region Faces More-Assertive China,” Wall Street Journal , July 22, 2014, http://www.wsj.com/articles/japan-to-join-u-s-india-military-exercises-1406 043468
Martin, Lisa L. and Beth A. Simmons, “Theories and Empirical Studies of International Institutions,” International Organizations 52, No. 4 (Autumn 1998): 729–757.
Mearsheimer, John J. “Back to the Future: Instability in Europe after the Cold War,” International Security 15, No. 1 (Summer 1990): 5–56
Mearsheimer, John J. “The Case for a Ukrainian Nuclear Deterrent,” Foreign Affairs 72, No. 3 (Summer 1993): 50–66.
Meier, Oliver, ed. Technology Transfers and Non-Proliferation: Between controls and cooperation (New York: Routledge Publication, 2014), 116.
Monteiro, Nuno P. and Alexandre Debs, “The Strategic Logic of Nuclear Proliferation,” International Security 39, No. 2 (Fall 2014): 10.
Morley, Jefferson. “Obama Eases Rules on Arms Exports”, Arms Control Today (November 2013).
Newman, Edward. A Crisis of Global Institutions? Multilateralism and International Security (New York: Routledge Publication, 2007), 89.
Nichols, Tom, Douglas Stuart and Jeffrey D. McCausland, “Summing Up and Issues for the Future,” In Tactical Nuclear Weapons and NATO , eds. Tom Nichols, Douglas Stuart and Jeffrey D. McCausland (Carlisle Barracks: US Army War College, April 2012)
Njolstad, Olav, ed. Nuclear Proliferation and International Order: Challenges to the Non- Proliferation Treaty (New York: Routledge Publication, 2011), 4.
Paul, T. V., Patrick M. Morgan and James J. Wirtz. Complex Deterrence: Strategy in the Global Age (New Delhi: Cambridge University Press, 2009)
Rudney, Robert and T.J. Anthony, “Beyond COCOM: A comparative Study of Five National Export Control Systems and Their Implications for a Multilateral nonproliferation Regime,” Comparative Strategy 15 (January/March 1996): 41–57.
Ruggie, John Gerard. “International Responses to Technology: Concepts and Trends,” International Organization 29, No.3 (Summer 1975): 570.
Sagan, Scott D. “The Causes of Nuclear Weapons Proliferation,” Annual Review of Political Science 14 (February 2011): 225–244.
Sagan, Scott D. “The Origins of Military Doctrine and Command and Control System,” In Planning the Unthinkable: How new Powers will use Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Weapons , eds. Peter R. Lavoy, Scott D. Sagan, and James J. Wirtz (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 2000)
Sagan, Scott D. “The Perils of Scott D. Sagan Proliferation Organization Theory, Deterrence Theory, and the Spread of Nuclear Weapon,” International Security 18, No. 4 (Spring 1994): 66–107.
Sagan, Scott D. Sand Kenneth N. Waltz. The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate Renewed (New York, W. W. Norton & Company, 2002); Simpson, Christopher Simpson, Blowback: America's Recruitment of Nazis and its Effects on the Cold War (New York: Wheatland Corporation, 1988), 98.
Stein, Arthur A. “Coordination and Collaboration”, in International Regimes , ed. Stephen D. Krasner (New York: Cornell University Press, 1983), 116–17.
Tertrais, Bruno. “Khan's Nuclear Exports: Was There a State Strategy?” In Pakistan's Nuclear Future: Worries Beyond War , ed. Henry D. Sokolski (Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, 2008), 13–57.
Timbie, James Timbie “Preventing the Spread of Enrichment and Reprocessing” In Reykjavik Revisited: Steps towards a World Free of Nuclear , ed. George P. Shultz, Stephen P. Andreasen, Sidney D. Drell, James E. Goodby (California: Hoover Press, 2008), 314.
Walt, Stephen M. “International Relations: One World, Many Theories,” Foreign Policy , No. 110 (Spring 1998): 30.
Waltz, Kenneth N. “The Origins of War in Neorealist Theory,” In The Origin and Prevention of Major Wars , eds. Robert I. Rotberg and Theodore K. Rabb (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).
Wanda, Ronald Elly. “The Contributions of Social Constructivism in Political Science,” https://www.academia.edu/664945/THE_CONTRIBUTIONS_OF_SOCIAL_CONSTRUCTIVISM_IN_POLITICAL_SCIENCE
Wendt, Alexander. “Collective Identity Formation and the International State,” American Political Science Review 88, No. 2 (June 1982): 384–396.
Wlatz, Kenneth N. “Nuclear Myths and Political Realities,” American Political Science Review 84, No. 3 (September 1990): 731, 734.
Wlatz, Kenneth N. “The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: More May Be Better,” Adelphi Paper , No. 171 (London: International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1981).
Zacher, Mark W. and Brent A. Sutton. Governing Global Networks: International Regimes for Transformation and Communication (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).
Zagare, Frank C. and D. Marc Kilgour, Perfect Deterrence (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000)

Comments

Comment on this article

[1] Aaron Karp, Aaron. “Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR): Stemming the Spread of Missiles: Hits, Misses, and Hard Cases”, Arms Control Association , April 3, 2012, https://www.armscontrol.org/taxonomy/term/49?page=1

[2] Akram, Zamir. “Race for the NSG”, Hilal Magazine, February 2017, 2016, http://hilal.gov.pk/index.php/layouts/item/2548-race-for-the-nsg.

[3] Alexandroff, Alan. “Before the War: Three Styles of Diplomacy,” In The Next Great War? The Roots of World War I and the Risks of US-China Conflict , eds. Richard N. Rosecrance and Steven E. Miller (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2015), 11.

[4] Amano, Yukiya, “International Conference on Nuclear Security: Enhancing Global Efforts,” Vienna, IAEA, July 1–5, 2013, https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/statements/statement-opening-international-conference-nuclear-security-enhancing-global

[5] “Arms Control and Proliferation Profile: Israel”, Arms Control Association , July, 2013, https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/israelprofile

[6] Beck, Michael Beck and Seema Gahlaut, “Creating a New Multilateral Export Control Regime,” Arms Control Today , April 2003, https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2003_04/beckgahlaut_apr03 ,

[7] Belcher, Emma. “The Proliferation Security Initiative: Lessons for Using Nonbinding Agreements,” Council on Foreign Relations , Working Paper, July 2011, 2, www.cfr.org/content/publications/…/IIGG_WorkingPaper6_PSI.pdf

[8] Bell, Duncan. Political Thought and International Relations: Variations on a Realist Theme (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), 20–23.

[9] Bennet, Jane and Michael J. Shapiro, eds. The Politics of Moralizing (New York: Routledge Publications, 1993), 76–80.

[10] Berger, Thomas. “Set for Stability? Prospects for Conflict and Cooperation in East Asia,” Review of International Studies 26, No. 3 (July 2000): 420.

[11] Bhonsle, Rahul K., Ved Prakash and Kulwant Rai Gupta, Indo-US Civil Nuclear Deal , (New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Distributors, 2007), 33.

[12] Brodie, Bernard, ed. Absolute Weapon: Atomic Power and World Order (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1946)

[13] Bull, Hedley. The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics (London: Palgrave MacMillan, 2012), 189.

[14] Burns, Richard Dean and Joseph M. Siracusa. A Global History of the Nuclear Arms Race: Weapons, Strategy and Politics (California: ABC-CLIO, 2013), 528.

[15] Chari, P.R. “From CTBT to FMCT: The Nuclear Debate in India”, IPCS Issue Brief (March 2011), http://www.ipcs.org/pdf_file/issue/IB164-Chari-FMCT.pdf

[16] Davenport, Kelsey. “Nuclear Security Summit at a Glance”, Arms Control Association , April 2014.

[17] Davenport, Kelsey. “The 1997 IAEA Additional Protocol at a Glance”, Arms Control Association , February 2014, http://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/IAEAProtocol, accessed July 30, 2016.

[18] Evans, Gareth and Yoriko Kawaguchi, Eliminating Nuclear Threats: A Practical Agenda for Global Policymakers , 95–96. http://www.ycsg.yale.edu/assets/downloads/ICNND_Report-EliminatingNuclearThreats.pdf

[19] Evans, Gareth, Tanya Ogilvie-White and Ramesh Thakur. Nuclear Weapons: The State of Play 2015 (Canberra: Australian National University, 2015), 89–155.

[20] Final Document of the 1995 NPT Review Conference, cited by Jeffrey Lewis, The Minimum Means of Reprisal: China's Search for Security in the Nuclear Age (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2007), 88.

[21] Folker, Jennifer Sterling. Making Sense of International Relations Theory (New Delhi: Viva Books Pvt. Ltd., 2007), 13–17.

[22] Goldblat, Jozef. Arms Control: The New Guide to Negotiations and Agreements (London: Sage Publications Ltd. 2002).

[23] Haas, Ernst. “Technological Self-Reliance for Latin America: The OAS Contribution,” International Organization 4 (autumn 1980): 553.

[24] Hasenclever, Andreas, Peter Mayer and Volker Rittberger, “Integrating Theories of International Regimes,” Review of International Studies 26, No. 1 (January 2000): 3–33.

[25] Hirsh, Michael. “The Great Technology Giveaway,” Foreign Affairs (September/October 1998): 2–9.

[26] Hoodbhoy, Pervez. Confronting the Bomb: Pakistani and Indian Scientists Speak out (New York: Oxford University Press 2013), 37–39.

[27] “IAEA Safeguards Overview: Comprehensive Safeguards Agreements and Additional Protocols,” International Atomic Energy Agency , October 14, 2014, https://www.iaea.org/publications/factsheets/iaea-safeguards-overview , accessed November 20, 2016.

[28] Jervis, Robert. The Illogic of American Nuclear Strategy (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1984)

[29] Joint Statement by President Obama and Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, The White House, Office of the Press Secretary , October 23, 2013, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/10/23/joint-statement-president-obama-and-prime-minister-nawaz-sharif

[30] Kahn, Herman Kahn. On Thermonuclear War (Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1960).

[31] Keller, William W. and Janne E. Nolan, “Proliferation of Advanced Weaponry: Threat to Stability,” Foreign Policy (Winter 1997–98);

[32] Keohane, Robert O. and Joseph S. Nye, “Realism and Complex interdependence”, in Power and Interdependence , eds. Robert O. Keohane and Joseph S. Nye (New York: Longman, 2001), 23.

[33] Keohane, Robert O. Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984);

[34] Kim, Duyeon Kim “Fact Sheet: North Korea's Nuclear and Ballistic Missile Programs,” Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation , July 2013, http://armscontrolcenter.org/publications/factsheets/fact_sheet_north_korea_nuclear_and_missile_programs/

[35] Kimball, Daryl. “The Australia Group at a Glance”, Arms Control Association , October 2012, http://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/australiagroup ,

[36] Krasner, Stephen D. ed. International Regimes (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1983), 186.

[37] Mandhana, Niharika. “Japan to Join US-Indian Military Exercises: Maritime Cooperation Grows as Region Faces More-Assertive China,” Wall Street Journal , July 22, 2014, http://www.wsj.com/articles/japan-to-join-u-s-india-military-exercises-1406 043468

[38] Martin, Lisa L. and Beth A. Simmons, “Theories and Empirical Studies of International Institutions,” International Organizations 52, No. 4 (Autumn 1998): 729–757.

[39] Mearsheimer, John J. “Back to the Future: Instability in Europe after the Cold War,” International Security 15, No. 1 (Summer 1990): 5–56

[40] Mearsheimer, John J. “The Case for a Ukrainian Nuclear Deterrent,” Foreign Affairs 72, No. 3 (Summer 1993): 50–66.

[41] Meier, Oliver, ed. Technology Transfers and Non-Proliferation: Between controls and cooperation (New York: Routledge Publication, 2014), 116.

[42] Monteiro, Nuno P. and Alexandre Debs, “The Strategic Logic of Nuclear Proliferation,” International Security 39, No. 2 (Fall 2014): 10.

[43] Morley, Jefferson. “Obama Eases Rules on Arms Exports”, Arms Control Today (November 2013).

[44] Newman, Edward. A Crisis of Global Institutions? Multilateralism and International Security (New York: Routledge Publication, 2007), 89.

[45] Nichols, Tom, Douglas Stuart and Jeffrey D. McCausland, “Summing Up and Issues for the Future,” In Tactical Nuclear Weapons and NATO , eds. Tom Nichols, Douglas Stuart and Jeffrey D. McCausland (Carlisle Barracks: US Army War College, April 2012)

[46] Njolstad, Olav, ed. Nuclear Proliferation and International Order: Challenges to the Non- Proliferation Treaty (New York: Routledge Publication, 2011), 4.

[47] Paul, T. V., Patrick M. Morgan and James J. Wirtz. Complex Deterrence: Strategy in the Global Age (New Delhi: Cambridge University Press, 2009)

[48] Rudney, Robert and T.J. Anthony, “Beyond COCOM: A comparative Study of Five National Export Control Systems and Their Implications for a Multilateral nonproliferation Regime,” Comparative Strategy 15 (January/March 1996): 41–57.

[49] Ruggie, John Gerard. “International Responses to Technology: Concepts and Trends,” International Organization 29, No.3 (Summer 1975): 570.

[50] Sagan, Scott D. “The Causes of Nuclear Weapons Proliferation,” Annual Review of Political Science 14 (February 2011): 225–244.

[51] Sagan, Scott D. “The Origins of Military Doctrine and Command and Control System,” In Planning the Unthinkable: How new Powers will use Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Weapons , eds. Peter R. Lavoy, Scott D. Sagan, and James J. Wirtz (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 2000)

[52] Sagan, Scott D. “The Perils of Scott D. Sagan Proliferation Organization Theory, Deterrence Theory, and the Spread of Nuclear Weapon,” International Security 18, No. 4 (Spring 1994): 66–107.

[53] Sagan, Scott D. Sand Kenneth N. Waltz. The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate Renewed (New York, W. W. Norton & Company, 2002); Simpson, Christopher Simpson, Blowback: America's Recruitment of Nazis and its Effects on the Cold War (New York: Wheatland Corporation, 1988), 98.

[54] Stein, Arthur A. “Coordination and Collaboration”, in International Regimes , ed. Stephen D. Krasner (New York: Cornell University Press, 1983), 116–17.

[55] Tertrais, Bruno. “Khan's Nuclear Exports: Was There a State Strategy?” In Pakistan's Nuclear Future: Worries Beyond War , ed. Henry D. Sokolski (Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, 2008), 13–57.

[56] Timbie, James Timbie “Preventing the Spread of Enrichment and Reprocessing” In Reykjavik Revisited: Steps towards a World Free of Nuclear , ed. George P. Shultz, Stephen P. Andreasen, Sidney D. Drell, James E. Goodby (California: Hoover Press, 2008), 314.

[57] Walt, Stephen M. “International Relations: One World, Many Theories,” Foreign Policy , No. 110 (Spring 1998): 30.

[58] Waltz, Kenneth N. “The Origins of War in Neorealist Theory,” In The Origin and Prevention of Major Wars , eds. Robert I. Rotberg and Theodore K. Rabb (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).

[59] Wanda, Ronald Elly. “The Contributions of Social Constructivism in Political Science,” https://www.academia.edu/664945/THE_CONTRIBUTIONS_OF_SOCIAL_CONSTRUCTIVISM_IN_POLITICAL_SCIENCE

[60] Wendt, Alexander. “Collective Identity Formation and the International State,” American Political Science Review 88, No. 2 (June 1982): 384–396.

[61] Wlatz, Kenneth N. “Nuclear Myths and Political Realities,” American Political Science Review 84, No. 3 (September 1990): 731, 734.

[62] Wlatz, Kenneth N. “The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: More May Be Better,” Adelphi Paper , No. 171 (London: International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1981).

[63] Zacher, Mark W. and Brent A. Sutton. Governing Global Networks: International Regimes for Transformation and Communication (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).

[64] Zagare, Frank C. and D. Marc Kilgour, Perfect Deterrence (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000)