Portrayals of Jihad: A Cause of Islamophobia

Karipek, Asena

doi:10.13169/islastudj.5.2.0210

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Islamophobia Studies Journal

Volume 5, Issue 2

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Abstract: found
Article: found

Is Open Access

Portrayals of Jihad: A Cause of Islamophobia

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research-article

Author(s): Asena Karipek

Publication date (Print): 1 October 2020

Journal: Islamophobia Studies Journal

Publisher: Pluto Journals

Keywords: jihad, Islamophobia, media, Islam, Islamophobes

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Abstract

Content

Author and article information

Contributors

Asena Karipek

Journal

Journal ID (doi): 10.2307/j50018795

Journal ID (jcode): islastudj

Title: Islamophobia Studies Journal

Publisher: Pluto Journals

ISSN: 2325-8381

ISSN: 2325-839X

Publication date (Print): 1 October 2020

Volume: 5

Issue: 2 ( doiID: 10.13169/islastudj.5.issue-2 )

Pages: 210-255

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University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Article

Publisher ID: islastudj.5.2.0210

DOI: 10.13169/islastudj.5.2.0210

SO-VID: 82b2c1ff-1d7d-4438-aed0-b05a56db2581

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All content is freely available without charge to users or their institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission of the publisher or the author. Articles published in the journal are distributed under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Social & Behavioral Sciences

Keywords: jihad,Islamophobes,Islam,media,Islamophobia

ENDNOTES

“Jihad.” Dictionary.com, n.d., https://www.dictionary.com/browse/jihad.
United States Department of Justice, 2005, 2.
Pew Research Center, 2017, 81.
Ibid, 130.
John Esposito, 2002, 64.
Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyah, 1998, 3:9.
Brendon Tagg, 2009, 320.
Esposito, 65.
The Qur'an 9:14 (Translated by Yusuf Ali).
The Qur'an 9:111 (Translated by Yusuf Ali).
Tafsir Ibn Kathir, 2009.
Sayyid Abul A'la Mawdudi, Tafhim al-Qur'an.
Mujiburrahman, 1992, 342.
Esposito, 67–68.
The Qur'an 2:256.
The Qur'an 5:69 and 2:62.
Esposito, 69.
The Qur'an 3:157–158 (Translated by Yusuf Ali).
SITE Intelligence Group, 2014.
Mohammad Hassan Khalil, 2018, 80.
The Qur'an 85:8 (Translated by Yusuf Ali).
Seyyed Hossein Nasr, 2015, 1497 (commentary on the Qur'an 85:4–9).
Esposito, 66.
Ibid, 66.
Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj, Sahih Muslim, no. 1767.
Al-Tirmidhi, Sunan, no. 1671, after which he graded the hadith as hasan sahih. However, he narrates it without the final phrase, “fi ta'ati'lLah: in obedience to Allah.” This hadith is also recorded in Ibn Hibban, Sahih, no. 4707; and Ibn Hanbal, al-Musnad, no. 1234, and it is sahih.
Tagg, 320.
Todd Green, 2015, 235.
Ibid, 235–236.
Kimberly A. Powell, 2011, 96–97.
Ibid, 98–99.
Ibid, 98–99.
Islam Watch Admin, 2017.
Abul Kasem, 2005.
Saranac Hale Spencer, 2019.
The Qur'an 9:30 (Translated by Yusuf Ali).
Saranac Hale Spencer, 2017.
Green, 251.
Jack G. Shaheen, 2009, 8.
Jack G. Shaheen, 2008, xiv.
Shaheen, 2009, 435.
Green, 257.
Ibid, 264.
Quoted in Shaheen, 2008, xx.
Green, 264.
In July 2018, the International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation at King's College in London reported the number of ISIS fighters as 41,490 from 80 different countries. In April 2017, the Pew Research Center reported the worldwide Muslim population to be 1.8 billion.
Robert Spencer, 2005, 199–200.
Matthew 5:44.
The Qur'an 8:60.
Robert Spencer, 26.
Daniel Pipes, 2002.
Asma Barlas, 2003, 46.
Daniel Pipes, 2004.
Mucahit Bilici, 2005, 60.
Steven Emerson, 2003, iii.
Ibid, 6.
Bilici, 59.
Ibid, 59.
Ibid, 60.
Rudolph Peters, 1996, 116.
Ibid, 123.
Ibid, 124–125.
Ibid, 132.
Ibid, 130–131.
Ibid, 130–131.
Green, 233.
Ibid, 233.

Comments

Comment on this article

[1] “Jihad.” Dictionary.com, n.d., https://www.dictionary.com/browse/jihad.

[2] United States Department of Justice, 2005, 2.

[3] Pew Research Center, 2017, 81.

[4] Ibid, 130.

[5] John Esposito, 2002, 64.

[6] Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyah, 1998, 3:9.

[7] Brendon Tagg, 2009, 320.

[8] Esposito, 65.

[9] The Qur'an 9:14 (Translated by Yusuf Ali).

[10] The Qur'an 9:111 (Translated by Yusuf Ali).

[11] Tafsir Ibn Kathir, 2009.

[12] Sayyid Abul A'la Mawdudi, Tafhim al-Qur'an.

[13] Mujiburrahman, 1992, 342.

[14] Esposito, 67–68.

[15] The Qur'an 2:256.

[16] The Qur'an 5:69 and 2:62.

[17] Esposito, 69.

[18] The Qur'an 3:157–158 (Translated by Yusuf Ali).

[19] SITE Intelligence Group, 2014.

[20] Mohammad Hassan Khalil, 2018, 80.

[21] The Qur'an 85:8 (Translated by Yusuf Ali).

[22] Seyyed Hossein Nasr, 2015, 1497 (commentary on the Qur'an 85:4–9).

[23] Esposito, 66.

[24] Ibid, 66.

[25] Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj, Sahih Muslim, no. 1767.

[26] Al-Tirmidhi, Sunan, no. 1671, after which he graded the hadith as hasan sahih. However, he narrates it without the final phrase, “fi ta'ati'lLah: in obedience to Allah.” This hadith is also recorded in Ibn Hibban, Sahih, no. 4707; and Ibn Hanbal, al-Musnad, no. 1234, and it is sahih.

[27] Tagg, 320.

[28] Todd Green, 2015, 235.

[29] Ibid, 235–236.

[30] Kimberly A. Powell, 2011, 96–97.

[31] Ibid, 98–99.

[32] Ibid, 98–99.

[33] Islam Watch Admin, 2017.

[34] Abul Kasem, 2005.

[35] Saranac Hale Spencer, 2019.

[36] The Qur'an 9:30 (Translated by Yusuf Ali).

[37] Saranac Hale Spencer, 2017.

[38] Green, 251.

[39] Jack G. Shaheen, 2009, 8.

[40] Jack G. Shaheen, 2008, xiv.

[41] Shaheen, 2009, 435.

[42] Green, 257.

[43] Ibid, 264.

[44] Quoted in Shaheen, 2008, xx.

[45] Green, 264.

[46] In July 2018, the International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation at King's College in London reported the number of ISIS fighters as 41,490 from 80 different countries. In April 2017, the Pew Research Center reported the worldwide Muslim population to be 1.8 billion.

[47] Robert Spencer, 2005, 199–200.

[48] Matthew 5:44.

[49] The Qur'an 8:60.

[50] Robert Spencer, 26.

[51] Daniel Pipes, 2002.

[52] Asma Barlas, 2003, 46.

[53] Daniel Pipes, 2004.

[54] Mucahit Bilici, 2005, 60.

[55] Steven Emerson, 2003, iii.

[56] Ibid, 6.

[57] Bilici, 59.

[58] Ibid, 59.

[59] Ibid, 60.

[60] Rudolph Peters, 1996, 116.

[61] Ibid, 123.

[62] Ibid, 124–125.

[63] Ibid, 132.

[64] Ibid, 130–131.

[65] Ibid, 130–131.

[66] Green, 233.

[67] Ibid, 233.