Surveillance, Islamophobia, and Sikh Bodies in the War on Terror

Katy P. Sian, null

doi:10.13169/islastudj.4.1.0037

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Islamophobia Studies Journal

Volume 4, Issue 1

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Surveillance, Islamophobia, and Sikh Bodies in the War on Terror

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Author(s): Katy P. Sian

Publication date (Print): Fall 2017

Journal: Islamophobia Studies Journal

Publisher: Pluto Journals

Keywords: Sikhs, 9/11, surveillance, Islamophobia, racialization, orientalism

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Abstract

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Author and article information

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Katy P. Sian

Journal

Journal ID (doi): 10.13169

Journal ID (publisher-id): islastudj

Title: Islamophobia Studies Journal

Publisher: Pluto Journals

ISSN (Print): 23258381

ISSN (Electronic): 2325839X

Publication date (Print): Fall 2017

Volume: 4

Issue: 1

Pages: 37-52

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University of York, Heslington

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Publisher ID: islastudj.4.1.0037

DOI: 10.13169/islastudj.4.1.0037

SO-VID: 8d3d9ae0-99bd-48b5-a294-c841c70dc84e

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Social & Behavioral Sciences

Keywords: Islamophobia,surveillance,Sikhs,9/11,orientalism,racialization

References

Ahmad, M. 2002. “Homeland Insecurities: Racial Violence the Day after September 11.” Social Text 72 20 (3): 101–15.
Ahmed, S. 2006. Queer Phenomenology . Durham: Duke University Press.
Ahmed, S. 2004. “Affective Economies.” Social Text 79 22 (2): 117–39.
Allen, C. 2010. Islamophobia . Farnham: Ashgate.
Amin, A. 2010. “The Remainders of Race.” Theory, Culture, Society 27 (1): 1–23.
Amin, A. 2014. “Ash Amin.” In Conversations in Postcolonial Though , edited by K. P. Sian, 95–104. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Amoore, L. 2009. “Lines of Sight: On the Visualization of Unknown Futures.” Citizenship Studies 13 (1): 17–30.
Amoore, L., and M. Goede. 2008. “Transactions after 9/11: The Banal Face of the Preemptive Strike.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 33 (2): 173–85.
Ballard, R. 1989. “Differentiation and Disjunction amongst the Sikhs in Britain.” In The Sikh Diaspora: Migration and the Experience beyond Punjab , edited by N. Barrier and V. Dusenbery, 200–34. New Delhi: Chanakya Publications.
Bayoumi, M. 2006. “Racing Religion.” The New Centennial Review 6 (2): 267–93.
Bhattacharyya, G. 2008. Dangerous Brown Men: Exploiting Sex, Violence and Feminism in the “War on Terror.” London: Zed.
Busse, C. 2012. “Politics of (Im)moderation: The Production of South Asian Identities in the Canadian Apology for Air India Flight 182.” Topia 27 (2): 233–51.
Chon, M., and D. Artz. 2005. “Walking While Muslim.” Law and Contemporary Problems 68 (2): 215–54.
Dhamoon, R. 2013. “Exclusion and Regulated Inclusion.” Sikh Formations 9 (1): 7–28.
Dodd, V. 2013. “Minorities Stopped Disproportionally in Decade after Macpherson Report.” The Guardian , April 22. Accessed March 2015. http://www.theguardian.com/law/2013/apr/22/ethnic-minority-britons-stop-search-white.
Farmer, B. 2015. “British Army Examines Plans to Create a Sikh Regiment.” The Telegraph , February 23. Accessed April 2015. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/11430070/British-Army-examines-plans-to-create-a-Sikh-regiment.html.
Finn, R. 2011. “Surveillant Staring: Race and the Everyday Surveillance of South Asian Women after 9/11.” Surveillance and Society 8 (4): 413–26.
Florence, J. 2006. “Making the No Fly List Fly: A Due Process Model for Terrorist Watchlists.” The Yale Law Journal 115 (8): 2148–81.
Fly Rights. 2012. “The Sikh Coalition.” April. Accessed March 2015. http://www.fly-rights.org/FlyRights%202.0%20Press%20Release.pdf.
Foucault, M. 2002. The Archaeology of Knowledge . London: Routledge.
Goldberg, D. 2002. The Racial State . Oxford: Blackwell.
Goldberg, D. 2013. “The Postracial Contemporary.” In The State of Race , edited by N. Kapoor, V. Kalra, and J, Rhodes, 15–31. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Grewal, I. 2003. “Transnational America: Race, Gender and Citizenship after 9/11.” Social Identities 9 (4): 535–61.
Guzik, K. 2009. “Discrimination by Design: Predictive Data Mining as Security Practice in the United States' ‘War on Terrorism.’” Surveillance and Society 7 (1): 1–17.
Hall, S. 1992. “The West and the Rest: Discourse and Power.” In Formations of Modernity , edited by S. Hall and B. Gieben, 276–318. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Hesse, B., and S. Sayyid. 2006. “The Postcolonial Political and the Immigrant Imaginary.” In A Postcolonial People: South Asians in Britain , edited by N. Ali, V. Kalra, and S. Sayyid, 13–33. London: Hurst.
Katwa, D. 2013. “PM Declares British Sikhs Are a ‘Model Community.’” Operation Black Vote , May 10. Accessed April 2015. http://www.obv.org.uk/node/6398.
Kundnani, A. 2014. The Muslims Are Coming: Islamophobia, Extremism, and the Domestic War on Terror . London: Verso.
Lentin, A. 2008. “Europe and the Silence about Race.” European Journal of Social Theory 11 (4): 487–503.
Lustick, I. 2006. Trapped in the War on Terror . Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Meer, N., and T. Modood. 2010. “The Racialisation of Muslims.” In Thinking through Islamophobia, Global Perspectives , edited by S. Sayyid and A. Vakil, 69–83. London: Hurst.
Mongia, R. 1999. “Race, Nation, Mobility: A History of the Passport.” Public Culture 11 (3): 527–66.
Puar, J. 2008. “The Turban Is Not a Hat: Queer Diaspora and Practices of Profiling.” Sikh Formations 4 (1): 47–91.
Puar, J. and A. Rai. 2004. “The Re-making of a Model Minority: Perverse Projectiles under the Spectre of (Counter)Terrorism.” Social Text 22 (3): 75–104.
Rana, J. 2011. Terrifying Muslims: Race and Labor in the South Asian Diaspora . Durham: Duke University Press.
Razack, S. 2014. “Racial Terror: Torture and Three Teenagers in Prison.” borderlands 13 (1): 1–27.
Sayyid, B., and Zac, L. 1998. “Political Analysis in a World without Foundations.” In Research Strategies in the Social Sciences: A Guide to New Approaches , edited by E. Scarbrough and E. Tanenbaum, 249–86. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sayyid, S. 2010a. “Do Post-Racials Dream of White Sheep?” CERS Working Paper, No. 17. Leeds: University of Leeds.
Sayyid, S. 2010b. “Out of the Devil's Dictionary.” In Thinking through Islamophobia , edited by S. Sayyid and A. Vakil, 5–18. London: Hurst and Company.
Sian, K. P. 2013. Unsettling Sikh and Muslim Conflict: Mistaken Identities, Forced Conversions and Postcolonial Formations . Lanham: Lexington Books.
Sian, K. P. 2014. “Sikhs, War, Memory.” Open Democracy: UK. http://opendemocracy.net/vron-ware-katy-p-sian/sikhs-war-memory.
Sian, K. P. 2015. “Spies, Surveillance and Stakeouts: Monitoring Muslim Moves in British State Schools.” Race, Ethnicity and Education 18 (2): 183–201.
Sian, K. P., S. Sayyid, and I. Law. 2013. Racism, Governance and Public Policy: Beyond Human Rights . London: Routledge.
Singh, J. 2013. “Racialized, Religious Minorities in the Post-9/11 era.” Sikh Formations 9 (2): 115–44.
Thomas, P. 2009. “Between Two Stools? The Government's ‘Preventing Violent Extremism’ Agenda.” The Political Quarterly 80 (2): 282–91.
Times of India Online. 2015. “Canadian gurdwara vandalised by miscreants.” Times of India , January 10. Accessed March 2015. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/us-canada-news/Canadian-gurdwara-vandalised-by-miscreants/articleshow/45837672.cms.
Tyrer, D. 2013. The Politics of Islamophobia: Race, Power and Fantasy . London: Pluto Press.
Vakil, A. 2010. “Is the Islam in Islamophobia the Same as the Islam in Anti-Islam; or When Is It Islamophobia Time.” In Thinking Through Islamophobia, Global Perspectives , edited by S. Sayyid and A. Vakil, 23–43. London: Hurst.
Venn, C. 2000. Occidentalism: Modernity and Subjectivity . London: Sage.
Volpp, L. 2002. “The Citizen and the Terrorist.” 49 UCLA L. Rev , 1575–1600.
Yong, T. 2005. The Garrison State: Military, Government and Society in Colonial Punjab, 1849–1947: Military, Government and Society in Colonial Punjab, 1849–1947 . London: Sage.

Comments

Comment on this article

[1] Ahmad, M. 2002. “Homeland Insecurities: Racial Violence the Day after September 11.” Social Text 72 20 (3): 101–15.

[2] Ahmed, S. 2006. Queer Phenomenology . Durham: Duke University Press.

[3] Ahmed, S. 2004. “Affective Economies.” Social Text 79 22 (2): 117–39.

[4] Allen, C. 2010. Islamophobia . Farnham: Ashgate.

[5] Amin, A. 2010. “The Remainders of Race.” Theory, Culture, Society 27 (1): 1–23.

[6] Amin, A. 2014. “Ash Amin.” In Conversations in Postcolonial Though , edited by K. P. Sian, 95–104. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

[7] Amoore, L. 2009. “Lines of Sight: On the Visualization of Unknown Futures.” Citizenship Studies 13 (1): 17–30.

[8] Amoore, L., and M. Goede. 2008. “Transactions after 9/11: The Banal Face of the Preemptive Strike.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 33 (2): 173–85.

[9] Ballard, R. 1989. “Differentiation and Disjunction amongst the Sikhs in Britain.” In The Sikh Diaspora: Migration and the Experience beyond Punjab , edited by N. Barrier and V. Dusenbery, 200–34. New Delhi: Chanakya Publications.

[10] Bayoumi, M. 2006. “Racing Religion.” The New Centennial Review 6 (2): 267–93.

[11] Bhattacharyya, G. 2008. Dangerous Brown Men: Exploiting Sex, Violence and Feminism in the “War on Terror.” London: Zed.

[12] Busse, C. 2012. “Politics of (Im)moderation: The Production of South Asian Identities in the Canadian Apology for Air India Flight 182.” Topia 27 (2): 233–51.

[13] Chon, M., and D. Artz. 2005. “Walking While Muslim.” Law and Contemporary Problems 68 (2): 215–54.

[14] Dhamoon, R. 2013. “Exclusion and Regulated Inclusion.” Sikh Formations 9 (1): 7–28.

[15] Dodd, V. 2013. “Minorities Stopped Disproportionally in Decade after Macpherson Report.” The Guardian , April 22. Accessed March 2015. http://www.theguardian.com/law/2013/apr/22/ethnic-minority-britons-stop-search-white.

[16] Farmer, B. 2015. “British Army Examines Plans to Create a Sikh Regiment.” The Telegraph , February 23. Accessed April 2015. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/11430070/British-Army-examines-plans-to-create-a-Sikh-regiment.html.

[17] Finn, R. 2011. “Surveillant Staring: Race and the Everyday Surveillance of South Asian Women after 9/11.” Surveillance and Society 8 (4): 413–26.

[18] Florence, J. 2006. “Making the No Fly List Fly: A Due Process Model for Terrorist Watchlists.” The Yale Law Journal 115 (8): 2148–81.

[19] Fly Rights. 2012. “The Sikh Coalition.” April. Accessed March 2015. http://www.fly-rights.org/FlyRights%202.0%20Press%20Release.pdf.

[20] Foucault, M. 2002. The Archaeology of Knowledge . London: Routledge.

[21] Goldberg, D. 2002. The Racial State . Oxford: Blackwell.

[22] Goldberg, D. 2013. “The Postracial Contemporary.” In The State of Race , edited by N. Kapoor, V. Kalra, and J, Rhodes, 15–31. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

[23] Grewal, I. 2003. “Transnational America: Race, Gender and Citizenship after 9/11.” Social Identities 9 (4): 535–61.

[24] Guzik, K. 2009. “Discrimination by Design: Predictive Data Mining as Security Practice in the United States' ‘War on Terrorism.’” Surveillance and Society 7 (1): 1–17.

[25] Hall, S. 1992. “The West and the Rest: Discourse and Power.” In Formations of Modernity , edited by S. Hall and B. Gieben, 276–318. Cambridge: Polity Press.

[26] Hesse, B., and S. Sayyid. 2006. “The Postcolonial Political and the Immigrant Imaginary.” In A Postcolonial People: South Asians in Britain , edited by N. Ali, V. Kalra, and S. Sayyid, 13–33. London: Hurst.

[27] Katwa, D. 2013. “PM Declares British Sikhs Are a ‘Model Community.’” Operation Black Vote , May 10. Accessed April 2015. http://www.obv.org.uk/node/6398.

[28] Kundnani, A. 2014. The Muslims Are Coming: Islamophobia, Extremism, and the Domestic War on Terror . London: Verso.

[29] Lentin, A. 2008. “Europe and the Silence about Race.” European Journal of Social Theory 11 (4): 487–503.

[30] Lustick, I. 2006. Trapped in the War on Terror . Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

[31] Meer, N., and T. Modood. 2010. “The Racialisation of Muslims.” In Thinking through Islamophobia, Global Perspectives , edited by S. Sayyid and A. Vakil, 69–83. London: Hurst.

[32] Mongia, R. 1999. “Race, Nation, Mobility: A History of the Passport.” Public Culture 11 (3): 527–66.

[33] Puar, J. 2008. “The Turban Is Not a Hat: Queer Diaspora and Practices of Profiling.” Sikh Formations 4 (1): 47–91.

[34] Puar, J. and A. Rai. 2004. “The Re-making of a Model Minority: Perverse Projectiles under the Spectre of (Counter)Terrorism.” Social Text 22 (3): 75–104.

[35] Rana, J. 2011. Terrifying Muslims: Race and Labor in the South Asian Diaspora . Durham: Duke University Press.

[36] Razack, S. 2014. “Racial Terror: Torture and Three Teenagers in Prison.” borderlands 13 (1): 1–27.

[37] Sayyid, B., and Zac, L. 1998. “Political Analysis in a World without Foundations.” In Research Strategies in the Social Sciences: A Guide to New Approaches , edited by E. Scarbrough and E. Tanenbaum, 249–86. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[38] Sayyid, S. 2010a. “Do Post-Racials Dream of White Sheep?” CERS Working Paper, No. 17. Leeds: University of Leeds.

[39] Sayyid, S. 2010b. “Out of the Devil's Dictionary.” In Thinking through Islamophobia , edited by S. Sayyid and A. Vakil, 5–18. London: Hurst and Company.

[40] Sian, K. P. 2013. Unsettling Sikh and Muslim Conflict: Mistaken Identities, Forced Conversions and Postcolonial Formations . Lanham: Lexington Books.

[41] Sian, K. P. 2014. “Sikhs, War, Memory.” Open Democracy: UK. http://opendemocracy.net/vron-ware-katy-p-sian/sikhs-war-memory.

[42] Sian, K. P. 2015. “Spies, Surveillance and Stakeouts: Monitoring Muslim Moves in British State Schools.” Race, Ethnicity and Education 18 (2): 183–201.

[43] Sian, K. P., S. Sayyid, and I. Law. 2013. Racism, Governance and Public Policy: Beyond Human Rights . London: Routledge.

[44] Singh, J. 2013. “Racialized, Religious Minorities in the Post-9/11 era.” Sikh Formations 9 (2): 115–44.

[45] Thomas, P. 2009. “Between Two Stools? The Government's ‘Preventing Violent Extremism’ Agenda.” The Political Quarterly 80 (2): 282–91.

[46] Times of India Online. 2015. “Canadian gurdwara vandalised by miscreants.” Times of India , January 10. Accessed March 2015. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/us-canada-news/Canadian-gurdwara-vandalised-by-miscreants/articleshow/45837672.cms.

[47] Tyrer, D. 2013. The Politics of Islamophobia: Race, Power and Fantasy . London: Pluto Press.

[48] Vakil, A. 2010. “Is the Islam in Islamophobia the Same as the Islam in Anti-Islam; or When Is It Islamophobia Time.” In Thinking Through Islamophobia, Global Perspectives , edited by S. Sayyid and A. Vakil, 23–43. London: Hurst.

[49] Venn, C. 2000. Occidentalism: Modernity and Subjectivity . London: Sage.

[50] Volpp, L. 2002. “The Citizen and the Terrorist.” 49 UCLA L. Rev , 1575–1600.

[51] Yong, T. 2005. The Garrison State: Military, Government and Society in Colonial Punjab, 1849–1947: Military, Government and Society in Colonial Punjab, 1849–1947 . London: Sage.