Repeating Fundamentalism and the Politics of the Commons: The Charlie Hebdo Tragedy and the Contradictions of Global Capitalism

Professor Jamil Khader, null

doi:10.13169/islastudj.3.1.0012

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Islamophobia Studies Journal

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Repeating Fundamentalism and the Politics of the Commons: The Charlie Hebdo Tragedy and the Contradictions of Global Capitalism

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Author(s): Professor Jamil Khader

Publication date (Print): Fall 2015

Journal: Islamophobia Studies Journal

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Abstract

I argue that the Charlie Hebdo massacre, and the issue of fundamentalist terrorism in general, should be examined in relation to the contradictions of living in a neoliberal global capitalist system. These contradictions are played out at the political, cultural, and ideological levels in a way that obscures the fundamental antagonism, making any radical solution to the problem of fundamentalist terrorism beyond our reach. I examine these contradictions in four different themes around which the issue of fundamentalist terrorism is staged within the hegemonic neoliberal global capitalist order: the clash of civilizations; colonial and postcolonial politics; leftist solidarity; and the failure of all practical solutions in the fight against fundamentalist terrorism. I end the piece with a call for rethinking the issue of fundamentalist terrorism within the politics of the commons.

When the tragic news of the most recent terrorist attack in Paris broke out, the Western media coverage of the massacre sounded all too familiar. From the 9/11 terrorist attacks to the Charlie Hebdo massacre, the signs of the Islamophobic narrative about Islamist (not Islamic) terrorism have become too easily recognizable. Nonetheless, the issue of Islamist terrorism in mainstream media is still framed within a neoliberal ideology that fails to look into the root causes of fundamentalist terrorism, Islamist, or otherwise, around the world in relation to the intensification of predatory forms of capitalist development and its corollary apartheid politics and practices of enclosure. Similarly, any analysis of the coverage of fundamentalist terrorism as symptomatic of the racist, Islamophobic public and official discourses in the US get it half right. Politically speaking, global capitalism is turning larger segments of people in the global South into an uncounted and discardable excess who exist outside state power, the market, and the international political order, making them easily vulnerable to reactionary, extremist movements. However, the neoliberal framework makes the struggle, today, between groups that are anchored in their exclusivist, identitarian thinking, rather than between the global capitalist system itself and the “radical universality” of the dispossessed and disposable surplus of the world population.

In this paper, I argue that the issue of fundamentalist terrorism, as it has been framed in the media representation of the Charlie Hebdo massacre, should be understood in the context of the contradictions of living in the shadow of the neoliberal global capitalist system. These contradictions are played out in four different themes that obscure the fundamental antagonism within the hegemonic neoliberal global capitalist order: the clash of civilizations master-narrative; colonial/postcolonial politics in the new age of empire; leftist solidarity politics; and the failure of all practical solutions in the fight against fundamentalist terrorism. Any radical solution to the problem of fundamentalist terrorism, it is suggested, can be reconfigured only within the politics of the commons.

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Professor Jamil Khader

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Journal ID (doi): 10.13169

Journal ID (publisher-id): islastudj

Title: Islamophobia Studies Journal

Publisher: Pluto Journals

ISSN (Print): 23258381

ISSN (Electronic): 2325839X

Publication date (Print): Fall 2015

Volume: 3

Issue: 1

Pages: 12-28

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Bethlehem University

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Publisher ID: islastudj.3.1.0012

DOI: 10.13169/islastudj.3.1.0012

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Endnotes

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[1] Dan Bilefsky and Maïa de la Baume, “French Premier Declares ‘War’ on Radical Islam as Paris Girds for Rally.” NYTimes , Jan 10, 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/11/world/europe/paris-terrorist-attacks.html?_r=0; Carol Kuruvilla and Antonia Blumberg, “Muslims around the World Condemn Charlie Hebdo Attack.” Huffington Post , Jan 7 2015. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/07/muslims-respond-charlie-hebdo_n_6429710.html.

[2] “Two Suspects in Paris Attack named.” Aljazeera.com , Jan 8, 2015. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2015/01/france-hunts-paris-magazine-attackers-20151721224190337.html.

[3] “Kerry condemns Paris Attack, hails slain scribes as martyrs.” The Siasat Daily , Jan 7, 2015. http://www.siasat.com//english/news/kerry-condemns-paris-attack-hails-slain-scribes-martyrs.

[4] “EU seeks Arab Alliance on anti-terrorism.” Anadolu Agency ,Jan 19 2015. http://www.aa.com.tr/en/politics/452407-eu-seeks-arab-alliance-on-anti-terrorism.

[5] Tariq Ramadan, “The Paris Attackers Hijacked Islam but there is no war between Islam and the West.” The Guardian , Jan 9, 2015. http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jan/09/paris-hijackers-hijacked-islam-no-war-between-islam-west.

[6] Simon Jenkins, “Charlie Hebdo: Now is the time to uphold freedoms and not to give in to fear.” The Guardian , Jan 7, 2015. http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jan/07/charlie-hebdo-freedom-fear-terrorists-massacre-war?CMP=twt_gu.

[7] Jake Coyle, “Post 9/11, few beside Superheroes can save the day.” Business Week , Aug 11, 2011. http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9P1TK080.htm.

[8] Salvoj Žižek, “Welcome to the Desert of the Real: reflections on WT.” Lacan.com. July 10, 2001. http://lacan.com/reflections.htm.

[9] Slavoj Žižek, “The True Hollywood Left.” Lacan.com. 2007. http://www.lacan.com/zizhollywood.htm.

[10] Chalmers Johnson, “Blowback.” The Nation , Oct 15, 2001. http://www.thenation.com/article/blowback#.

[11] Slavoj Žižek, “In the Grey Zone.” LRB, Feb 5, 2015. http://www.lrb.co.uk/2015/02/05/slavoj-zizek/in-the-grey-zone.

[12] Victoria Fontan, “Charlie Hebdo: Are we allowed not to laugh any more?” Aljazeera.com , Jan 8, 2015. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2015/01/charlie-hebdo-are-not-allowed-laug-201518565581162.html.

[13] Robert Fisk, “Charlie Hebdo: Paris attack brothers' campaign of terror can be traced back to Algeria in 1954.” The Independent , Jan 9, 2015. http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/charlie-hebdo-paris-attack-brothers-campaign-of-terror-can-be-traced-back-to-algeria-in-1954-9969184.html.

[14] Imogen Tyler, Revolting Subjects (London and NY: Zed Books, 2013), 39–40.

[15] Tyler, Revolting .

[16] Tyler, Revolting .

[17] Mark LeVine, “Why Charlie Hebdo attack is not about Islam.” Aljazeera.com . Jan 10, 2015. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2015/01/charlie-hebdo-islam-cartoon-terr-20151106726681265.html.

[18] Tyler, 39.

[19] Brendan O'Neill, “Holocaust denial is despicable but it is wrong to ban it.” The Telegraph , Jan 16, 2014. http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/brendanoneill2/100254824/holocaust-denial-is-despicable-but-its-wrong-to-ban-it/; Hannah Flint, “France divided over ‘anti-semitic’ comedian Dieudonne M'bala M'bala.” The Telegraph , Jan 10, 2014. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/10564910/France-divided-over-anti-semitic-comedian-Dieudonne-Mbala-Mbala.html; “Thousands of Pro-Palestinian protestors defy rally ban.” Reuters.com. July 19, 2014. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/07/19/pro-palestinian-protest-francen5601950.html; J. Hoberman, “French Mayor bans anti-Jihadist Film.” Tablet.tabletmag.com. Jan 17, 2015. http://tabletmag.com/scroll/188412/french-mayor-bans-oscar-nominated-muslim-film; Ali Abunimah, “France begins jailing people for ironic comments.” EI: Eletronic Intifada.net . Jan 19, 2015. http://electronicintifada.net/blogs/ali-abunimah/france-begins-jailing-people-ironic-comments; Alana Lentin and Gavan Titley, “Diane Abbott's tweet and the red herring of anti-white racism.” The Guardian , Jan 6, 2012. http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/jan/06/diane-abbott-tweet-anti-white-racism.

[20] Matt Apuzzo and Steven Erlanger, “patriot Act Idea Rises in France, and is ridiculed.” The NYTimes , Jan 16, 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/17/world/europe/patriot-act-idea-rises-in-france-and-is-ridiculed.html?action=click&contentCollection=Opinion&region=Footer&module=TopNews&pgtype=article&_r=1.

[21] Slavoj Žižek, “In the Grey Zone.” LRB, Feb 5, 2015. http://www.lrb.co.uk/2015/02/05/slavoj-zizek/in-the-grey-zone.

[22] “France anti-terror plan calls for hiring more intel agents.” The Boston Herald . Bostonherald.com. Jan 21, 2015. http://www.bostonherald.com/news_opinion/international/europe/2015/01/france_anti_terror_plan_calls_for_hiring_more_intel_agents.

[23] Mariam Francois-Cerrah, “Is the Charlie Hebdo attack really a struggle over European values?” New Statesman , Jan 9, 2015. http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2015/01/charlie-hebdo-attack-really-struggle-over-european-values.

[24] Katie Halper, “45 Examples of Muslim Outrage about Charlie Hebdo attack that Fox News Missed.” Alternet.org. Jan 9, 2015. http://www.alternet.org/media/45-examples-muslim-outrage-about-charlie-hebdo-attack-fox-news-missed.

[25] Sarah Gray, “Richard Dawkins goes on anti-Islam rant.” Salon.com. Jan 7, 2015. http://www.salon.com/2015/01/07/richard_dawkins_goes_on_anti_islam_rant_blames_charlie_hebdo_massacre_on_entire_religion/.

[26] Erin Keane, “Bill Maher's Charlie Hebdo Mess.” Salon.com. Jan 8, 2015. http://www.salon.com/2015/01/08/bill_mahers_charlie_hebdo_mess_last_nights_jimmy_kimmel_revealed_why_we_need_studio_audiences/.

[27] Maev Kennedy, “JK Rowling attacks Murdoch for tweet blaming all Muslims for Charlie Hebdo deaths.” The Guardian , Jan 11, 2015. http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/jan/11/jk-rowling-condemns-murdoch-tweet-charlie-hebdo-harry-potter-news-corp-muslims-christian.

[28] Homa Khaleeli, “After the Charlie Hebdo attack we must resist the clash-of-civilizations narrative.” The Guardian , Jan 7, 2015. http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jan/07/charlie-hebdo-clash-civilisation-terrorism-muslims.

[29] Alex Massie, “Je Suis Charlie.” The Spectator , Jan 7, 2015. http://blogs.spectator.co.uk/culturehousedaily/2015/01/je-suis-charlie/.

[30] Oliver Cyran, “Charlie Hebdo, not racist? If you say so …” Counterfire , Jan 14, 2015. http://www.counterfire.org/articles/opinion/17616-former-charlie-hebdo-employee-lambasts-its-racist-trajectory.

[31] “Palestinian media body calls for investigation into Israel's targeting of journalists in Gaza.” MEMO: Middle East Monitor , Sep 5, 2014. https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/middle-east/13939-palestinian-media-body-calls-for-investigation-into-israels-targeting-of-journalists-in-gaza; “Israel extends detention of Palestinian cartoonist.” CPJ: Committee to Protect Journalists . Feb 21, 2013. https://www.cpj.org/2013/02/israel-extends-detention-of-palestinian-cartoonist.php.

[32] Joanna Rothkopf, “CNN's Don Lemon displays stunning tone-deafness, asks Muslim human rights lawyer if he supports ISIS.” Salon.com. Jan 8, 2015. http://www.salon.com/2015/01/08/cnns_don_lemon_asks_muslim_human_rights_lawyer_if_he_supports_isis/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=socialflow.

[33] Slavoj Žižek, “In the Grey Zone.” LRB, Feb 5, 2015. http://www.lrb.co.uk/2015/02/05/slavoj-zizek/in-the-grey-zone.

[34] Khalid Albaih, “When Cartoons upset the wrong people.” Aljazeera.com. Jan 8, 2015. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2015/01/paris-charlie-hebdo-cartoons-att-20151810528121783.html.

[35] Tariq Ramadan, “Tariq Ramadan condemns Charlie Hebdo massacre but criticizes ‘inconsistency’ of political reaction.” MEMO: Middle East Monitor , Jan 8, 2015. https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/europe/16242-tariq-ramadan-condemns-charlie-hebdo-massacre-but-criticises-inconsistency-of-political-reaction.

[36] Slavoj Žižek, “In the Grey Zone.” LRB, Feb 5, 2015. http://www.lrb.co.uk/2015/02/05/slavoj-zizek/in-the-grey-zone.

[37] Teju Cole, “Charlie Hebdo: Why are some deaths meaningful and to be mourned and others not?” Stop the war coalition . Jan 10, 2015. http://stopwar.org.uk/news/charlie-hebdo-why-are-some-deaths-meaningful-and-to-be-mourned-and-others-not.

[38] Glenn Greenwald, “Burning Victims to Death: Still a Common Practice.” The Intercept. Feb 4, 2015. https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2015/02/04/burning-victims-death-still-common-practice/.

[39] Massie, “Je Suis Charlie.”

[40] “Salvoj Žižek—the New Philosopher.” Interview with Le Nouvel Observateur. The-Philosophy. March 10, 2012. http://www.the-philosophy.com/slavoj-Žižek-philosophy.

[41] Aprille Muscaraq, “This is ISIS' Magazine Dabiq, and it is shockingly Legit.” ScoopEmpire. Aug 17, 2014. http://scoopempire.com/isiss-magazine-dabiq-shockingly-legit/.

[42] Jerome Taylor, “Mecca for the Rich: Islam's holiest site turning into Vegas.” The Belfast Telegraph , Sep 24, 2011. http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/world-news/mecca-for-the-rich-islams-holiest-site-turning-into-vegas-28661603.html.

[43] Alexander LaCasse, “The great wall of Saudi Arabia?” CNBC, Jan 16, 2015. http://www.cnbc.com/id/102344016#.

[44] Žižek, “Against Human Rights.”

[45] Joanna Rothkopf, “Salman Rushdie responds to Paris attacks.” Salon , Jan 7, 2015. http://www.salon.com/2015/01/07/religion_is_a_medieval_form_of_unreason_salman_rushdie_responds_to_paris_attacks/.

[46] Chris Hedges, “A Message from the Dispossessed.” Truthdig , Jan 11, 2015. http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/a_message_from_the_dispossessed_20150111.

[47] Slavoj Žižek, The Universal Exception , ed. Rex Butler and Scott Stephens (London: Continuum, 2006), 310–11.

[48] Slavoj Žižek, Violence: Six Sideways (NY: Picador, 2008), 85–86.

[49] Daoud Kuttab, 'After Charlie Hebdo, the real war.” Aljazeera.com , Jan 11, 2015. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2015/01/after-charlie-hebdo-attack-isla-201511163959248129.html.

[50] Lutz, Amy, “Who Joins the Military?: A Look at Race, Class, and Immigration Status.” Journal of Political and Military Sociology , 36.2 (2008): 167–188. http://surface.syr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=soc.

[51] Kuttab, “After Charlie Hebdo.”

[52] Salvoj Žižek, “The Palestinian Question: The Couple Symptom/ fetish.” Lacan.com . n.d. http://www.lacan.com/essays/?page_id=261.

[53] Dimi Reider, “Watch: Shas' stunning election ad is a challenge to both right and left.” +972mag , Jan 18, 2015. http://972mag.com/watch-shas-stunning-electoral-ad-is-a-challenge-to-both-right-and-left/101482/.

[54] Slavoj Žižek, Trouble in Paradise: From the End of History to the End of Capitalism, ebook (London: Penguin, 2014), Appendix.

[55] Quoted in Jesse Stellato, ed., Not in Our name: American anti-war Speeches, 1846 to the Present (University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2012), 143.

[56] Mukul Devichand and Olivia Crellin, “The government invites you to be wary of those who do not eat baguettes.” BBC News Trending , Jan 30, 2015. http://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-31047810.

[57] Judith Butler, Ernesto Laclau, and Slavoj Žižek, Contingency, Hegemony, Universality (London: Verso, 2000), 213, 215.

[58] Slavoj Žižek, The Ticklish Subject (London and NY: Verso, 1999), 102.

[59] Slavoj Žižek and Glenn Daly, Conversations with Žižek (London: Polity, 2004), 160.

[60] Stuart Jeffries, “Angela Davis” There is an unbroken line of police violence …” The Guardian , Dec 14, 2014. http://www.theguardian.com/global/2014/dec/14/angela-davis-there-is-an-unbroken-line-of-police-violence-in-the-us-that-takes-us-all-the-way-back-to-the-days-of-slavery.

[61] Žižek and Daly, Conversations with Žižek , 160.

[62] Slavoj Žižek, ‘How to Begin form the Beginning.” The Idea of Communism , ed. Slavoj Žižek (London: Verso, 2012), 213.

[63] Slavoj Žižek, Living in the End Times (London: Verso, 2011), 53.