Withstanding the Winds of Change? Literary Representations of the Gulf War and Its Impacts on Saudi Society

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Arab Studies Quarterly

Volume 39, Issue 4

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Withstanding the Winds of Change? Literary Representations of the Gulf War and Its Impacts on Saudi Society

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Author(s): Zahia Smail Salhi , Abdullah Alfauzan

Publication date (Print): Fall 2017

Journal: Arab Studies Quarterly

Publisher: Pluto Journals

Keywords: war literature, Gulf War, social transformations, change, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Journal ID (doi): 10.13169

Journal ID (publisher-id): arabstudquar

Title: Arab Studies Quarterly

Publisher: Pluto Journals

ISSN (Print): 02713519

ISSN (Electronic): 20436920

Publication date (Print): Fall 2017

Volume: 39

Issue: 4

Pages: 973-995

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DOI: 10.13169/arabstudquar.39.4.0973

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ʿAbdu Khāl, Nubāḥ . Beirut: Dār al-Jamal, 2003, 19. All translations from the Arabic texts are ours.
Qumāsha al-ʿUlayyān, ʿUyūn ʿala al-samāʾ (Beirut: Sharikat Rashād li-l-ṭībāʿa wa-l-nashr wa-l-tawzīʾ, 2000).
Ibrahim al-Khuḍīr, ʿAwda ila al-ayyām al-ūlā (Beirut: Dār al-intishār al-ʿarabī, 2004).
Saʿad al-Dūsarī, Al-Riyādh-November 90 (Casablanca: Al-markaz al-thaqāfī al-ʿarabī, 2011).
Joe Woodward, “The Literature of War,” Poets and Writers Magazine , November/December 2005. http://www.pw.org/content/literature_war, accessed June 12, 2016.
Miriam Cook, Women and the War Story (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996), 4.
Ibid.
George Parsons Lathrop, “The Novel and Its Future,” Atlantic Monthly 34:313 (1874), 24.
Morris Dickstein, A Mirror in the Roadway: Literature and the Real World (Princeton University Press, 2007), https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=HJ9N2jb14wC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=false, accessed May 11, 2016.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Jonathan Culler, Structuralist Poetics: Structuralism, Linguistics, and the Study of Literature (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1975), 189.
Kadhim Ali, “A Portrait of the Translator as a Political Activist,” http://www.translationdirectory.com/articles/article1214.htm, accessed May 5, 2016.
Abdel Rahman Munif, “The Novel: A Homeland and a Passion,” Al Ahram Weekly , 2004. http://weekly.ahram.org.eg200467bo33.htm, accessed May 15, 2016.
Ibid.
Susanne Enderwitz, “Memories for the Future: Abdelrahman Munif,” in Angelika Neuwirth et al., eds., Arabic Literature: Postmodern Perspectives (London: Saqi books, 2010), 136–137.
Ibid.
Ibid., our emphasis.
ʿAbdullah Al-Ghadhāmī, Al-Qabīlah wa al-qabāʾiliyyah: Hawiyyāt mā ba ‘da al-ḥadāthah (Beirut: Al-markaz al-thaqāfī al- ʿArabī, 2009), 8.
See, for example, Robert Lacey, Inside the Kingdom (London: Arrow Books, 2009).
Al-ʿUlayyān, ʿUyūn , 42–43.
Ibid., 45.
Al-Khuḍīr, Awda , 131.
Don Peretz, The Middle East Today (London: Praeger, 1988), 150.
Lacey, Inside the Kingdom , 129.
Beverly Milton-Edwards, Contemporary Politics in the Middle East (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2000), 106.
Al-Khuḍīr, ʿAwda , 134.
Lacey, Inside the Kingdom , 128.
Milton-Edwards, Contemporary Politics , 105.
Al-Dūsarī, Al-Riyādh , 340–341.
Walid Khalidi, The Middle East Post-war Environment (Washington: IPS, 1991), 162.
Al-Khuḍīr, ʿAwda , 475.
Al-Dūsarī, Al-Riyādh , 358.
Lacey, Inside the Kingdom , 129.
ʿAbdu Khāl, Mudun , 7.
Al-Dūsarī, Al-Riyādh , 82–83.
Ibid., 186.
Al-ʿUlayyān, ʿUyūn , 44.
Al-Khuḍīr, ʿAwda , 462.
Al-Dūsarī, Al-Riyādh , 196.
Ibid., 213.
Milton-Edwards, Contemporary Politics , 106.
Ibid.
Al-Khuḍīr, ʿAwda , 136.
Ibid., 109.
David Klein, “Mechanisms of Western Domination: A Short History of Iraq and Kuwait,” 2003. http://www.csun.edu/~vcmth00m/iraqkuwait.html, accessed February 19, 2016.
Al-Khuḍīr, ʿAwda , 461.
Ibid., 62–63.
Tom Doyle, Two Nations under God: Why You Should Care about Israel (Nashville: B&H Publishing, 2008), 84.
See, for example, John-Paul Lederach, The Little Book of Conflict Transformation (NP: Good Books, 2003).
Al-Khuḍīr, Awda , 99.
Ibid., 5.
Ibid., 520.
Robert Surbrug, Beyond Vietnam: The Politics of Protest in Massachusetts, 1974–1990 (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2009), 256.
Anthony H. Cordesman, Saudi Arabia Enters the 21st Century (Westport: Praeger, 2003), 174.
Craig Unger, House of Bush, House of Saud: The Secret Relationship between the World's Two Most Powerful Dynasties (New York: Scribner, 2004), 144.
Ibid., 146.
Al-Khuḍīr, ʿAwda , 144.
For more details, see Thomas Hegghammer, Jihad in Saudi Arabia: Violence and Pan-Islamism since 1979 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010).
Al-Khuḍīr, ʿAwda , 270.
Abdulrehman A. Hussein, So History Doesn't Forget: Alliances Behavior in Foreign Policy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 1979–1990 (Bloomington: Author House, 2012), 302–303.
Al-Khuḍīr, ʿAwda , 451–452.
Ibid., 102–103.
Ibid., 470–471.
Al-Khuḍīr, ʿAwda , 65, 98, our emphasis.
Hussein, So History Doesn't Forget 301.
Al-Dūsarī, Al-Riyādh , 39.
Stephen A. Bourque and John Burdan, The Road to Safwan: The 1st Squadron, 4th Cavalry in the 1991 Persian Gulf War (Denton: University of North Texas Press, 2007), 236.
Al-Dūsarī, Al-Riyādh , 100.
Hussein, 301.
Al-Khudīr, ʿAwda , 62.
Lisa Finnegan, No Questions Asked: News Coverage since 9/11 (Westport: Praeger Publishers, 2006), 32.
Al-Khuḍīr, ʿAwda , 227, our emphasis.
Ibid., 285.
Amélie Le Renard, “‘Only for Women’: Women, the State, and Reform in Saudi Arabia,” Middle East Journal , 62:4 (2008), 610–629.
Mājid Al-Mufaddalī, “Al-Ikhṭilāṭ muṣṭalaḥ jadīd wa l-adilla al-sharʿiyya taruddu bi quwwa ʿala man yuḥarrimuh,” Okāz , December 9, 2009, http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20091209/Con20091209319589.htm, accessed March 22, 2016.
See Madawi Al-Rasheed, A Most Masculine State: Gender, Politics and Religion in Saudi Arabia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), 159–165.
Al-Khuḍīr, ʿAwda , 191.
Ibid., 16.
Ibid., 470, our emphasis.
Nikki, R. Keddie, Women in the Middle East: Past and Present (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007), 150.
Al-Dūsarī, Al-Riyādh , 100.
Le Renard, “‘Only for Women,’” 619.

Comments

Comment on this article

[1] ʿAbdu Khāl, Nubāḥ . Beirut: Dār al-Jamal, 2003, 19. All translations from the Arabic texts are ours.

[2] Qumāsha al-ʿUlayyān, ʿUyūn ʿala al-samāʾ (Beirut: Sharikat Rashād li-l-ṭībāʿa wa-l-nashr wa-l-tawzīʾ, 2000).

[3] Ibrahim al-Khuḍīr, ʿAwda ila al-ayyām al-ūlā (Beirut: Dār al-intishār al-ʿarabī, 2004).

[4] Saʿad al-Dūsarī, Al-Riyādh-November 90 (Casablanca: Al-markaz al-thaqāfī al-ʿarabī, 2011).

[5] Joe Woodward, “The Literature of War,” Poets and Writers Magazine , November/December 2005. http://www.pw.org/content/literature_war, accessed June 12, 2016.

[6] Miriam Cook, Women and the War Story (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996), 4.

[7] Ibid.

[8] George Parsons Lathrop, “The Novel and Its Future,” Atlantic Monthly 34:313 (1874), 24.

[9] Morris Dickstein, A Mirror in the Roadway: Literature and the Real World (Princeton University Press, 2007), https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=HJ9N2jb14wC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=false, accessed May 11, 2016.

[10] Ibid.

[11] Ibid.

[12] Jonathan Culler, Structuralist Poetics: Structuralism, Linguistics, and the Study of Literature (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1975), 189.

[13] Kadhim Ali, “A Portrait of the Translator as a Political Activist,” http://www.translationdirectory.com/articles/article1214.htm, accessed May 5, 2016.

[14] Abdel Rahman Munif, “The Novel: A Homeland and a Passion,” Al Ahram Weekly , 2004. http://weekly.ahram.org.eg200467bo33.htm, accessed May 15, 2016.

[15] Ibid.

[16] Susanne Enderwitz, “Memories for the Future: Abdelrahman Munif,” in Angelika Neuwirth et al., eds., Arabic Literature: Postmodern Perspectives (London: Saqi books, 2010), 136–137.

[17] Ibid.

[18] Ibid., our emphasis.

[19] ʿAbdullah Al-Ghadhāmī, Al-Qabīlah wa al-qabāʾiliyyah: Hawiyyāt mā ba ‘da al-ḥadāthah (Beirut: Al-markaz al-thaqāfī al- ʿArabī, 2009), 8.

[20] See, for example, Robert Lacey, Inside the Kingdom (London: Arrow Books, 2009).

[21] Al-ʿUlayyān, ʿUyūn , 42–43.

[22] Ibid., 45.

[23] Al-Khuḍīr, Awda , 131.

[24] Don Peretz, The Middle East Today (London: Praeger, 1988), 150.

[25] Lacey, Inside the Kingdom , 129.

[26] Beverly Milton-Edwards, Contemporary Politics in the Middle East (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2000), 106.

[27] Al-Khuḍīr, ʿAwda , 134.

[28] Lacey, Inside the Kingdom , 128.

[29] Milton-Edwards, Contemporary Politics , 105.

[30] Al-Dūsarī, Al-Riyādh , 340–341.

[31] Walid Khalidi, The Middle East Post-war Environment (Washington: IPS, 1991), 162.

[32] Al-Khuḍīr, ʿAwda , 475.

[33] Al-Dūsarī, Al-Riyādh , 358.

[34] Lacey, Inside the Kingdom , 129.

[35] ʿAbdu Khāl, Mudun , 7.

[36] Al-Dūsarī, Al-Riyādh , 82–83.

[37] Ibid., 186.

[38] Al-ʿUlayyān, ʿUyūn , 44.

[39] Al-Khuḍīr, ʿAwda , 462.

[40] Al-Dūsarī, Al-Riyādh , 196.

[41] Ibid., 213.

[42] Milton-Edwards, Contemporary Politics , 106.

[43] Ibid.

[44] Al-Khuḍīr, ʿAwda , 136.

[45] Ibid., 109.

[46] David Klein, “Mechanisms of Western Domination: A Short History of Iraq and Kuwait,” 2003. http://www.csun.edu/~vcmth00m/iraqkuwait.html, accessed February 19, 2016.

[47] Al-Khuḍīr, ʿAwda , 461.

[48] Ibid., 62–63.

[49] Tom Doyle, Two Nations under God: Why You Should Care about Israel (Nashville: B&H Publishing, 2008), 84.

[50] See, for example, John-Paul Lederach, The Little Book of Conflict Transformation (NP: Good Books, 2003).

[51] Al-Khuḍīr, Awda , 99.

[52] Ibid., 5.

[53] Ibid., 520.

[54] Robert Surbrug, Beyond Vietnam: The Politics of Protest in Massachusetts, 1974–1990 (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2009), 256.

[55] Anthony H. Cordesman, Saudi Arabia Enters the 21st Century (Westport: Praeger, 2003), 174.

[56] Craig Unger, House of Bush, House of Saud: The Secret Relationship between the World's Two Most Powerful Dynasties (New York: Scribner, 2004), 144.

[57] Ibid., 146.

[58] Al-Khuḍīr, ʿAwda , 144.

[59] For more details, see Thomas Hegghammer, Jihad in Saudi Arabia: Violence and Pan-Islamism since 1979 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010).

[60] Al-Khuḍīr, ʿAwda , 270.

[61] Abdulrehman A. Hussein, So History Doesn't Forget: Alliances Behavior in Foreign Policy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 1979–1990 (Bloomington: Author House, 2012), 302–303.

[62] Al-Khuḍīr, ʿAwda , 451–452.

[63] Ibid., 102–103.

[64] Ibid., 470–471.

[65] Al-Khuḍīr, ʿAwda , 65, 98, our emphasis.

[66] Hussein, So History Doesn't Forget 301.

[67] Al-Dūsarī, Al-Riyādh , 39.

[68] Stephen A. Bourque and John Burdan, The Road to Safwan: The 1st Squadron, 4th Cavalry in the 1991 Persian Gulf War (Denton: University of North Texas Press, 2007), 236.

[69] Al-Dūsarī, Al-Riyādh , 100.

[70] Hussein, 301.

[71] Al-Khudīr, ʿAwda , 62.

[72] Lisa Finnegan, No Questions Asked: News Coverage since 9/11 (Westport: Praeger Publishers, 2006), 32.

[73] Al-Khuḍīr, ʿAwda , 227, our emphasis.

[74] Ibid., 285.

[75] Amélie Le Renard, “‘Only for Women’: Women, the State, and Reform in Saudi Arabia,” Middle East Journal , 62:4 (2008), 610–629.

[76] Mājid Al-Mufaddalī, “Al-Ikhṭilāṭ muṣṭalaḥ jadīd wa l-adilla al-sharʿiyya taruddu bi quwwa ʿala man yuḥarrimuh,” Okāz , December 9, 2009, http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20091209/Con20091209319589.htm, accessed March 22, 2016.

[77] See Madawi Al-Rasheed, A Most Masculine State: Gender, Politics and Religion in Saudi Arabia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), 159–165.

[78] Al-Khuḍīr, ʿAwda , 191.

[79] Ibid., 16.

[80] Ibid., 470, our emphasis.

[81] Nikki, R. Keddie, Women in the Middle East: Past and Present (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007), 150.

[82] Al-Dūsarī, Al-Riyādh , 100.

[83] Le Renard, “‘Only for Women,’” 619.

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