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ROAD TRANSPORT INFORMATICS: CHALLENGING THE FREEDOM OF THE ROADS?
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NOTES AND REFERENCES
Robert S. Foote, ‘Automatic Vehicle Identification: Tests and Applications in the Late 1970's’, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, VT-29, May 1980, p.226.
ibid., p.227.
Rex Malik, ‘Smart Cars’, Intermedia, 17, 1, January 1989, p.5.
J.A.L. Dawson, ‘Electronic road pricing in Hong Kong: 4. Conclusion’, Traffic Engineering + Control, 27, 2, February 1986, pp. 79–83.
Sandford F. Borins, ‘Electronic road pricing: an idea whose time may never come’, Transportation Research A, 22A, 1, January 1988, pp.37–44.
The ability to monitor fleet vehicles was not widely publicised or promoted. It was difficult to reconcile monitoring of vehicles with claims that surveillance and invasion of privacy were not matters for concern.
Most of the information about developments in Australia comes from personal interviews, correspondence, and telephone conversations. I contacted various large transport companies, the NRMA, the Transport Workers’ Union, George Giummarra of the Victorian Road Transport Authority (RTA), The Australia Road Research Board, and Aussat.
In 1987 a uniform system of vehicle classification was adopted by the National Association of Australian State Road Authorities (NAASRA). This provided the foundation for a compatible system across Australia and the first step towards a coordinated co-operative approach based on the recognition that the system must be a nation-wide system if it is to be of use to state and federal transport agencies and the trucking industry.
George T. Giummarra, Project Manager, Heavy Vehicle Movements. Development of an Integrated Vehicle Monitoring System for Heavy Vehicles: Discussion Paper, RTA, Victoria, February 1988, p.1.
At present, transport authorities appear to be maintaining a watching brief on overseas developments.
I wrote to those transport companies listed as attending the 1988 Victorian Workshop. Their responses are reported here. One interesting feature was that I was unable to find anyone who had attended the workshop in 1988 and who was still working for the company. This meant that there was no company memory of that period.
Mobilesat is supposed to provide a full range of voice and data services following the launch of Aussat's second generation satellites in 1992. Vehicles carry a round antenna on the roof and in-vehicle equipment similar to a cellular phone. Current estimates put the price of an antenna at around $6,000.
Concern about the technology being used to discipline workers was the major problem reported in a St. Louis trial using police vehicles. Richard C. Larson, Kent W. Colton and Gilbert C. Larson, ‘Evaluating a police-implemented AVM system: The St. Louis experience (Phase 1)’, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, VT-26, 1, February 1977.
Although others had been aware of a connection between technology and control over labour, Marx was the first to provide a thorough analysis of capitalism and how technology reflected class relations.
H. Braverman, Labour and Monopoly Capital: The degradation of work in the twentieth century, Monthly Review Press, NY and London, 1974.
D. MacKenzie & J. Wajcman (eds), The Social Shaping of Technology; How the Refrigerator Got Its Hum, Open University Press, Milton Keynes, Philadelphia, 1985, p.70.
Harley Shaiken, Work Transformed, Lexington Books, Lexington, MA, 1986, p.63.
H. Braverman, op.cit., p.119.
David F. Noble, America by Design, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1982.
Richard Edwards, Contested Terrain: The Transformation of the Workplace in the 20th Century, Heinemann, London, 1979.
H. Shaiken, op.cit., p.187.
James R. Beniger, The Control Revolution Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., and London, 1986, pp.166–330.
ibid, p.225.
ibid., p.318.
S. Zuboff, In the Age of the Smart Machine: The Future of Work and Power, Heinemann Professional Publishing, Oxford, 1988.
Bentham's original conception targetted convicts and paupers, but the first panopticon actually constructed was a factory in Russia.
For discussion of the implication of this technology for private motorists see Brian Martin, ‘Computers on the roads’, Current Affairs Bulletin, October 1990, pp.23–8.
See for example, S. Zuboff, op.cit., J. Naisbitt, Megatrends, Warner Books, New York, 1984.
H. Shaiken, op.cit., p.189.