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This article is an extended version of a paper presented to the ANZAAS Conference, May 1984 at the Australian National University, Canberra. It is part of a wider project on the major social and political theories of technology, and the political and philosophical implications of radical critiques of technology. For a further discussion and elaboration of the major issues and models, see R. Badham, ‘The sociology of industrial and post-industrial societies’, Current Sociology, 32, 1, 1984; idem, Theories of Industrial Society, Croom Helm, London, 1986; idem, ‘The dangers of technospeak: 1984, Brave New World and approaches to technology’ in 1984 and Social Control, Jura Books, Sydney, 1985; idem, ‘Radical ecology for beginners: the sad case of Andre Gorz and Murray Bookchin’, paper presented to AAHPSSS Conference, University of New South Wales, Sydney, August 1985; Jim Falk, Richard Badham and Greg Smith, Public Accountability and Electricity Planning in Victoria, Victorian Department of Minerals and Energy, Victoria, 1984; and the submissions and oral evidence presented to the Senate Standing Committee on Science, Technology and the Environment by the Centre for Technology and Social Change, University of Wollongong (Senate Standing Commmittee on Science, Technology and the Environment, Hansard, 2 April 1985, Canberra).
See the defence of Illicit by A. Gorz, Farewell to the Working Class, Pluto Press, London, 1982.
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See Badham, 1984, pp. 69–71.
Kumar K.. 1978. . Prophecy and Progress: The Sociology of Industrial and Post-Industrial Society . , Harmondsworth : : Penguin. .
D. Bell, The Coming of Post-Industrial Society, Penguin, Hardmonds worth, 1976 and The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism, Heinemann, London, 1979; Z. Brzezinski, Between Two Ages: America's Role in the Technotronic Era, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1977; B. Jones, Sleepers Wake! Technology and The Future of Work, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1982; A. Toffler, Futureshock, Pan, London, 1975; idem, The Third Wave, Pan, London, 1981.
Noble D.. 1984. . Forces of Production . , New York : : Alfred A. Knopf. .
J. Ellul, The Technological Society, Vintage Books, New York, 1964; Mich, op. cit.; T. Roszak, Where the Wasteland Ends: Politics and Transcendance in Post-Industrial Society, Faber and Faber, London, 1973; Schumacher, op. cit.
Badham, 1984.
C. Boyle, P. Wheale and B. Sturgess, People, Science and Technology, Harvester, Brighton, 1984; R. Johnston and P. Gummet (eds.), Directing Technology, Croom Helm, London, 1979; E. Mesthene, Technological Change, Mentor, New York, 1970.
Badham in 1984 and Social Control; L. Winner, Autonomous Technology, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1977.
Winner, op. cit.
Wilbert Moore E.. 1967. . Order and Change: Essays in Comparative Sociology . , New York : : Wiley. .
A. Etzioni, The Active Society, Free Press, New York, 1968; G. Price, ‘Political frameworks for the control of technology: an assessment’ in Johnston and Gummet, op. cit.
Johnston and Gummet, op. cit.
For example, Bell, 1976, op. cit.; Kumar, op. cit.
Toffler, 1975, op. cit. and 1981, op. cit.
Jones, op. cit.
B. Fay, Social Theory and Political Practice, Allen & Unwin, London, 1975.
Bell, 1979, op. cit.
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Winner, op. cit.
Illich, op. cit.
H. Shaiken, Work Transformed, Holt, Rinehart and Wilson, New York, 1984; H. Schiller, Information and the Crisis Economy, Ablex, New Jersey, 1984; R. Williams, Towards 2000, Heinemann, London, 1983.
T. Bottomore, Elites and Society, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1974; G. Parry, Political Elites, Allen & Unwin, London, 1966.
Badham, 1984, op. cit.
Falk J.. 1982. . Global Fission . , Melbourne : : Oxford University Press. .
Habermas J.. 1976. . Legitimation Crisis . , London : : Heinemann. .
Nelkin, op. cit.
Pateman C.. 1971. . Participation and Democratic Theory . , London : : Edward Arnold. .
D. Dickson, Alternative Technology: The Politics of Technical Change, Fontana/Collins, Glasgow, 1974; idem, The New Politics of Science, Pantheon, New York, 1984.
Department of Science, Draft National Technology Statement, Canberra, 1985.