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DIVERSITY, ECONOMICS AND THE AUSTRALIAN NEWSPAPER INDUSTRY
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NOTES AND REFERENCES
John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, 1859.
Associated Press v. United States, 1945.
James N. Rosse, ‘Daily newspapers, monopolistic competition, and economies of scale’, American Economic Review, 57, 2, 1967, pp. 522–33.
ibid., p. 522.
James N. Rosse, The Evolution of One Newspaper Cities, Studies in Industry Economics No. 99, Department of Economics, Stanford University, pp. 39–43.
Svennik Hoyer, Stig Hadenius and Lennart Weibull, The Politics and Economics of the Press: A Developmental Perspective, Sage, London, p. 18.
Walter S. Baer, Henry Geller, Joseph A. Grundfest and Karen B. Possner, Concentration of Mass Media Ownership: Assessing the State of Current Knowledge, Rand, Santa Monica, 1974, p. 35.
Notably Edith T. Penrose, The Theory of the Growth of the Firm, Blackwell, Oxford, 1959; and Robin Marris, The Economic Theory of ‘Managerial’ Capitalism, Macmillan, London, 1966.
Penrose, ibid., p. 187.
Cited by Henry Mayer, ‘Media’ in Henry Mayer and Helen Nelson (eds.), Australian Politics: A Fourth Reader, Cheshire, Melbourne, 1976, p. 136.
Royal Commission on the Press, Report, Cmnd. 6433, HMSO, London, 1962, p. 19.
Baer ef al., op. cit., p. 109.
Bruce M. Owen, Empirical Results on the Price Effects of Joint Ownership in the Mass Media, Studies in the Economics of Mass Communication No. 93, Research Center in Economic Growth, Stanford University, 1969.
ibid., p. 16.
Gerald L. Grotta, ‘Consolidation of newspapers: what happens to the consumer?’, Journalism Quarterly, 48, 1971, pg. 245–50; John H. Landon, ‘The relation of market concentration to advertising rates’, The Antitrust Bulletin, 16, 1971, pp. 53–100.
Grotta, ibid., p. 250.
Raymond B. Nixon and Tae-Youl Hahn, ‘Concentration of press ownership: a comparison of 32 countries’, Journalism Quarterly, 48, 1971, pp. 5–16.
The only daily to be acquired from its original owner prior to 1900 is the Sydney Morning Herald, which was bought by the Fairfax family in 1841, just 10 years after it was established. The Sydney Morning Herald is now the oldest surviving daily newspaper in Australia.
Royal Commission on the Press, Final Report, Cmnd. 6810, HMSO, London, 1977, Chapter 13.
Special Senate Committee on Mass Media, Report, Information Canada, Ottawa, Vol. 1, pp. 75–9.
From the official report on the proceedings of the 1961 conference of the Australian Labor Party, and cited by Department of the Media, ‘A Consideration of the Implications of Section 13 of the Australian Labor Party's Media Platform’, Information Paper, AGPS, Canberra, 1975, p. 3.
Ibid.
From Henry Mayer and Sara Pantzer, Media Policies of Australian Political Parties, Media Monograph No. 6, Department of Government, University of Sydney, p. 5.
Stuart Holland, ‘Countervailing press power’ in James Curran (ed.), The British Press: a Manifesto, Action Society Press Group, London, 1978, p. 113.
With alternative market arrangements there would be variations in the magnitude of the relative efficiency gains and losses, but not in their direction.
Anthony Smith, Goodbye Gutenberg: The Newspaper Revolution of the 1980s, Oxford University Press, New York, p. 54.