The Drive to Codify: Implications for the Knowledge-based Economy

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Prometheus

Volume 19, Issue 2

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The Drive to Codify: Implications for the Knowledge-based Economy

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Author(s): Joanne Roberts

Publication date (Print): June 2001

Journal: Prometheus

Publisher: Pluto Journals

Keywords: Codified Knowledge, Tacit Knowledge, Knowledge-BASED Economy, Information And Communication Technologies, Higher Education, Knowledge Management

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Abstract

Content

Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): cpro20

Journal ID (archive): CPRO

Title: Prometheus

Subtitle: Critical Studies in Innovation

Publisher: Pluto Journals

ISSN (Print): 0810-9028

ISSN (Electronic): 1470-1030

Publication date (Print): June 2001

Volume: 19

Issue: 2

Pages: 99-116

Article

Publisher ID: 10032414 Coden ID: Prometheus, Vol. 19, No. 2, June 2001, pp. 99-116

DOI: 10.1080/08109020110050003

SO-VID: 5959452c-68a1-4fc6-9ebb-5ab4d72dbf12

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Figures: 0, Tables: 0, References: 63, Pages: 18

References

2000. . Eighth International Joseph A. Schumpeter Society Conference; . July 28 June-1– 2000 ; . UK: : University of Manchester. .
OECD. . 1996. . The Knowledge-Based Economy . , Paris : : OECD. .
Department for Trade and Industry. . 1998. . Ow Competitive Future: Building the Knowledge-Driven Economy . London :
Lamberton D.. 1997. . 'The knowledge-based economy: a Sisyphus model'. . Prometheus . , Vol. 15((1)): 73––81. .
Cowan R. and Foray D.. 1997. . 'The economics of codification and the diffusion of knowledge'. . Industrial and Corporate Change . , Vol. 6((3)): 595––622. .
Antonelli Cristiano. . 1999. . The Microdynamics of Technological Change . , London : : Routledge. .
Boisot Max. . 1998. . Knowledge Assets: Securing Competitive Advantage in the Information Economy . , Oxford : : Oxford University Press. .
Drucker Peter. . 1993. . Post-Capitalist Society . , Oxford : : Butterworth-Heinemann. .
Lundvall Bengt-Ake. , ed. 1992. . National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning . , London : : Pinter. .
Nonaka Ikujiro and Takeuchi Hirotaka. . 1995. . The Knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation . , Oxford : : Oxford University Press. .
Borgmann Albert. . 1999. . Hold on to Reality: The Nature of Information at the Turn of the Millennium . , Chicago : : University of Chicago Press. .
Bladder F.. 1995. . 'Knowledge, knowledge work and organizations: an overview and interpretation'. . Organization Studies . , Vol. 16((6)): 1021––46. .
Howells J.. 2000. . “'Knowledge, innovation and location'. ”. In Knowledge, Space, Economy . , Edited by: Bryson J. R., Daniels P. W., Henry N. and Pollard J.. p. 50––62. . London : : Routledge. .
Lundvall B.-Å. and Johnson B.. 1994. . The learning economy'. . Journal of Industry Studies . , Vol. 1((2)): 23––42. .
Howells J. and Roberts J.. 2000. . 'From innovation systems to knowledge systems'. . Prometheus . , Vol. 19((1)): 17––31. .
Arrow Kenneth. . 1974. . The Limits of Organization . , p. 39––40. . New York : : Norton. .
Saviotti P. P.. 1998. . On the dynamics of appropriability, of tacit and codified knowledge'. . Research Policy . , Vol. 26:: 843––56. . 848
Howells J.. 1996. . 'Tacit knowledge, innovation and technology transfer'. . Technology Analysis and Strategic Management . , Vol. 8((2)): 91––106. . 92
Polanyi M.. 1966. . The logic of tacit inference'. . Philosophy . , Vol. 41((155)): 1––18. . 4
Hull R.. 2000. . “'Knowledge management practices and innovation'. ”. In Knowledge and Innovation in the New Service Economy . , Edited by: Andersen B., Howells J., Hull R., Miles I. and Roberts J.. p. 142––58. . Cheltenham : : Edward Elgar. .
Lyotard Jean-Francois. . 1984. . The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge . , Edited by: Bennington Geoff and Massumi Brian. . Manchester : : Manchester University Press. .
Rosenberg Nathan. . 1982. . Inside the Black Box: Technology and Economics . , Cambridge : : Cambridge University Press. .
Dosi G.. 1988. . “'The nature of the innovation process'. ”. In Technical Change and Economic Theory . , Edited by: Dosi G., Freeman C., Nelson R., Silverberg G. and Soete L.. p. 221––38. . London : : Pinter. .
Senker J.. 1995. . 'Tacit knowledge and models of innovation'. . Industrial and Corporate Change . , Vol. 4((2)): 425––47. .
Bolter David. . 1986. . Turing's Man: Western Culture in the Computer Age . , p. 131 Harmondsworth : : Penguin. .
Polanyi Michael. . 1967. . The Taat Dimension . , p. 4 London : : Routledge. .
Simon H. A.. 1955. . 'A behavioural model of rational choice'. . Quarterly Journal of Economics . , Vol. 69:: 99––118. .
Cowan R., David P.A. and Foray D.. 2000. . The explicit economics of knowledge codification and tacitness'. . Industrial and Corporate Change . , Vol. 9((2)): 211––253. .
Lave Jean and Wenger Etienne. . 1991. . Situated Learning. Legitimate Peripheral Participation . , p. 98 Cambridge : : Cambridge University Press. .
Penrose Edith. . 1959. . The Theory of the Growth of the Firm . , Oxford : : Blackwell. .
Nelson Richard and Winter Sidney. . 1982. . An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change . , Cambridge , MA : : Belknap Press. .
Landes David. . 1999. . The Wealth and Poverty of Nations . , p. 278––79. . London : : Abacus. .
Roberts J.. 2000. . 'From know-how to show-how: the role of information and communication technologies in the transfer of knowledge'. . Technology Analysis and Strategic Management . , Vol. 12((4)): 429––43. .
MacKenzie D. and Spinardi G.. 1995. . 'Tacit knowledge, weapons design, and the uninvention of nuclear weapons'. . American Journal of Sociology . , Vol. 101((1)): 44––99. .
Arrow Kenneth. . 1969. . 'Classificatory notes on the production and transmission of technical knowledge'. . American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings . , Vol. 59:: 29––35. .
1996. . 'Technical information and industrial structure'. . Industrial and Corporate Change . , Vol. 5((3)): 645––52. .
Stigler G. J.. 1961. . 'The economics of information'. . Journal of Political Economy . , Vol. 69:: 213––25. .
Williamson Oliver E.. 1975. . Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Anti-trust Implications . , New York : : Free Press. .
1985. . The Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Firms, Markets, Relational Contracting . , London : : Macmillan. .
Foray D. and Lundvall B.-Å.. 1996. . “'The knowledge-based economy: from the economics of knowledge to the learning economy'. ”. In Employment and Growth in the Knowledge-based Economy . , Edited by: OECD. . p. 11––32. . Paris : : OECD. .
Hodgson Geoffrey. . 1999. . Economics and Utopia: Why the Learning Economy is not the End of History . , London : : Routledge. .
Maskell P. and Malmberg A.. 1999. . 'Localised learning and industrial competitiveness'. . Cambridge Journal of Economics . , Vol. 23:: 167––86. .
Lawson C. and Lorenz E.. 1999. . 'Collective learning, tacit knowledge and regional innovation capacity'. . Regional Studies . , Vol. 33((4)): 305––17. .
Foucault Michel. . 1979. . Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison . , p. 27 Harmondsworth : : Penguin. .
Pei Mario and Lang David Marshall. . 1998. . “'Alphabet'. ”. In Microsoft Encarta 98 Encyclopedia . , Microsoft Corporation. .
Castells Manuel. . 1996. . The Rise of the Network Society . , London : : Blackwell. .
Reich Robert B.. 1992. . The Work of Nations: Preparing Ourselves for 21st Century Capitalism . , New York : : Vintage. .
The National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education. . 1997. . Higher Education in the Learning Society (Dearing Report) . , London : : HMSO. .
Davenport Thomas and Prusak Laurence. . 1998. . Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know . , Boston , MA : : Harvard Business School Press. .
Leonard-Barton Dorothy. . 1995. . WeUspnngs of Knowledge: Building and Sustaining the Sources of Innovation . , Boston : : Harvard University Press. .
Stewart Thomas. . 1997. . Intellectual Capital: The New Wealth of Organizations . , New York : : Currency/Doubleday. .
Scarbrough Harry, Swan Jacky and Preston John. . 1999. . Knowledge Management· A Literature Review . , p. 1 London : : Institute of Personnel and Development. .
Orr Julian. . 1996. . Talking about Machines: an Ethnography of a Modern Job . , Ithaca : : ILR Press. .
Zack M. H.. 1999. . 'Managing codified knowledge'. . Sloan Management Review . , Vol. 40: Summer;: 45––57. .
Davenport T. H., De Long D. W. and Beers M. C.. 1998. . 'Successful knowledge management projects'. . Sloan Management Review . , Vol. 40:: 43––57. . 44––45. .
Robins Kevin and Webster Frank. . 1999. . Times of the Technoculture: From the Information Society to the Virtual Life . , p. 190 London and New York : : Routledge. .
Roszak Theodore. . 1994. . The Cult of Information: A Neo-Luddite Treatise on High-Tech, Artificial Intelligence, and the True Art of Thinking . , Berkeley : : University of California Press. .
Weizenbaum Joseph. . 1984. . Computer Pooler and Human Reason: From Judgement to Calculation . , Harmondsworth : : Penguin. .
Brown John Seely and Duguid Paul. . 2000. . The Social Life of Information . , Boston , MA : : Harvard Business School Press. .
Noble D. F.. 1998. . 'Digital diploma mills: the automation of higher education'. . First Monday . , Vol. 3((1))

Comments

Comment on this article

[1] 2000. . Eighth International Joseph A. Schumpeter Society Conference; . July 28 June-1– 2000 ; . UK: : University of Manchester. .

[2] OECD. . 1996. . The Knowledge-Based Economy . , Paris : : OECD. .

[3] Department for Trade and Industry. . 1998. . Ow Competitive Future: Building the Knowledge-Driven Economy . London :

[4] Lamberton D.. 1997. . 'The knowledge-based economy: a Sisyphus model'. . Prometheus . , Vol. 15((1)): 73––81. .

[5] Cowan R. and Foray D.. 1997. . 'The economics of codification and the diffusion of knowledge'. . Industrial and Corporate Change . , Vol. 6((3)): 595––622. .

[6] Antonelli Cristiano. . 1999. . The Microdynamics of Technological Change . , London : : Routledge. .

[7] Boisot Max. . 1998. . Knowledge Assets: Securing Competitive Advantage in the Information Economy . , Oxford : : Oxford University Press. .

[8] Drucker Peter. . 1993. . Post-Capitalist Society . , Oxford : : Butterworth-Heinemann. .

[9] Lundvall Bengt-Ake. , ed. 1992. . National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning . , London : : Pinter. .

[10] Nonaka Ikujiro and Takeuchi Hirotaka. . 1995. . The Knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation . , Oxford : : Oxford University Press. .

[11] Borgmann Albert. . 1999. . Hold on to Reality: The Nature of Information at the Turn of the Millennium . , Chicago : : University of Chicago Press. .

[12] Bladder F.. 1995. . 'Knowledge, knowledge work and organizations: an overview and interpretation'. . Organization Studies . , Vol. 16((6)): 1021––46. .

[13] Howells J.. 2000. . “'Knowledge, innovation and location'. ”. In Knowledge, Space, Economy . , Edited by: Bryson J. R., Daniels P. W., Henry N. and Pollard J.. p. 50––62. . London : : Routledge. .

[14] Lundvall B.-Å. and Johnson B.. 1994. . The learning economy'. . Journal of Industry Studies . , Vol. 1((2)): 23––42. .

[15] Howells J. and Roberts J.. 2000. . 'From innovation systems to knowledge systems'. . Prometheus . , Vol. 19((1)): 17––31. .

[16] Arrow Kenneth. . 1974. . The Limits of Organization . , p. 39––40. . New York : : Norton. .

[17] Saviotti P. P.. 1998. . On the dynamics of appropriability, of tacit and codified knowledge'. . Research Policy . , Vol. 26:: 843––56. . 848

[18] Howells J.. 1996. . 'Tacit knowledge, innovation and technology transfer'. . Technology Analysis and Strategic Management . , Vol. 8((2)): 91––106. . 92

[19] Polanyi M.. 1966. . The logic of tacit inference'. . Philosophy . , Vol. 41((155)): 1––18. . 4

[21] Hull R.. 2000. . “'Knowledge management practices and innovation'. ”. In Knowledge and Innovation in the New Service Economy . , Edited by: Andersen B., Howells J., Hull R., Miles I. and Roberts J.. p. 142––58. . Cheltenham : : Edward Elgar. .

[22] Lyotard Jean-Francois. . 1984. . The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge . , Edited by: Bennington Geoff and Massumi Brian. . Manchester : : Manchester University Press. .

[23] Rosenberg Nathan. . 1982. . Inside the Black Box: Technology and Economics . , Cambridge : : Cambridge University Press. .

[24] Dosi G.. 1988. . “'The nature of the innovation process'. ”. In Technical Change and Economic Theory . , Edited by: Dosi G., Freeman C., Nelson R., Silverberg G. and Soete L.. p. 221––38. . London : : Pinter. .

[25] Senker J.. 1995. . 'Tacit knowledge and models of innovation'. . Industrial and Corporate Change . , Vol. 4((2)): 425––47. .

[26] Bolter David. . 1986. . Turing's Man: Western Culture in the Computer Age . , p. 131 Harmondsworth : : Penguin. .

[28] Polanyi Michael. . 1967. . The Taat Dimension . , p. 4 London : : Routledge. .

[29] Simon H. A.. 1955. . 'A behavioural model of rational choice'. . Quarterly Journal of Economics . , Vol. 69:: 99––118. .

[30] Cowan R., David P.A. and Foray D.. 2000. . The explicit economics of knowledge codification and tacitness'. . Industrial and Corporate Change . , Vol. 9((2)): 211––253. .

[31] Lave Jean and Wenger Etienne. . 1991. . Situated Learning. Legitimate Peripheral Participation . , p. 98 Cambridge : : Cambridge University Press. .

[32] Penrose Edith. . 1959. . The Theory of the Growth of the Firm . , Oxford : : Blackwell. .

[33] Nelson Richard and Winter Sidney. . 1982. . An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change . , Cambridge , MA : : Belknap Press. .

[34] Landes David. . 1999. . The Wealth and Poverty of Nations . , p. 278––79. . London : : Abacus. .

[35] Roberts J.. 2000. . 'From know-how to show-how: the role of information and communication technologies in the transfer of knowledge'. . Technology Analysis and Strategic Management . , Vol. 12((4)): 429––43. .

[36] MacKenzie D. and Spinardi G.. 1995. . 'Tacit knowledge, weapons design, and the uninvention of nuclear weapons'. . American Journal of Sociology . , Vol. 101((1)): 44––99. .

[37] Arrow Kenneth. . 1969. . 'Classificatory notes on the production and transmission of technical knowledge'. . American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings . , Vol. 59:: 29––35. .

[38] 1996. . 'Technical information and industrial structure'. . Industrial and Corporate Change . , Vol. 5((3)): 645––52. .

[39] Stigler G. J.. 1961. . 'The economics of information'. . Journal of Political Economy . , Vol. 69:: 213––25. .

[40] Williamson Oliver E.. 1975. . Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Anti-trust Implications . , New York : : Free Press. .

[41] 1985. . The Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Firms, Markets, Relational Contracting . , London : : Macmillan. .

[42] Foray D. and Lundvall B.-Å.. 1996. . “'The knowledge-based economy: from the economics of knowledge to the learning economy'. ”. In Employment and Growth in the Knowledge-based Economy . , Edited by: OECD. . p. 11––32. . Paris : : OECD. .

[43] Hodgson Geoffrey. . 1999. . Economics and Utopia: Why the Learning Economy is not the End of History . , London : : Routledge. .

[44] Maskell P. and Malmberg A.. 1999. . 'Localised learning and industrial competitiveness'. . Cambridge Journal of Economics . , Vol. 23:: 167––86. .

[45] Lawson C. and Lorenz E.. 1999. . 'Collective learning, tacit knowledge and regional innovation capacity'. . Regional Studies . , Vol. 33((4)): 305––17. .

[46] Foucault Michel. . 1979. . Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison . , p. 27 Harmondsworth : : Penguin. .

[47] Pei Mario and Lang David Marshall. . 1998. . “'Alphabet'. ”. In Microsoft Encarta 98 Encyclopedia . , Microsoft Corporation. .

[48] Castells Manuel. . 1996. . The Rise of the Network Society . , London : : Blackwell. .

[49] Reich Robert B.. 1992. . The Work of Nations: Preparing Ourselves for 21st Century Capitalism . , New York : : Vintage. .

[50] The National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education. . 1997. . Higher Education in the Learning Society (Dearing Report) . , London : : HMSO. .

[51] Davenport Thomas and Prusak Laurence. . 1998. . Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know . , Boston , MA : : Harvard Business School Press. .

[52] Leonard-Barton Dorothy. . 1995. . WeUspnngs of Knowledge: Building and Sustaining the Sources of Innovation . , Boston : : Harvard University Press. .

[53] Stewart Thomas. . 1997. . Intellectual Capital: The New Wealth of Organizations . , New York : : Currency/Doubleday. .

[54] Scarbrough Harry, Swan Jacky and Preston John. . 1999. . Knowledge Management· A Literature Review . , p. 1 London : : Institute of Personnel and Development. .

[56] Orr Julian. . 1996. . Talking about Machines: an Ethnography of a Modern Job . , Ithaca : : ILR Press. .

[57] Zack M. H.. 1999. . 'Managing codified knowledge'. . Sloan Management Review . , Vol. 40: Summer;: 45––57. .

[58] Davenport T. H., De Long D. W. and Beers M. C.. 1998. . 'Successful knowledge management projects'. . Sloan Management Review . , Vol. 40:: 43––57. . 44––45. .

[59] Robins Kevin and Webster Frank. . 1999. . Times of the Technoculture: From the Information Society to the Virtual Life . , p. 190 London and New York : : Routledge. .

[60] Roszak Theodore. . 1994. . The Cult of Information: A Neo-Luddite Treatise on High-Tech, Artificial Intelligence, and the True Art of Thinking . , Berkeley : : University of California Press. .

[61] Weizenbaum Joseph. . 1984. . Computer Pooler and Human Reason: From Judgement to Calculation . , Harmondsworth : : Penguin. .

[62] Brown John Seely and Duguid Paul. . 2000. . The Social Life of Information . , Boston , MA : : Harvard Business School Press. .

[63] Noble D. F.. 1998. . 'Digital diploma mills: the automation of higher education'. . First Monday . , Vol. 3((1))

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