3
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      A framework to unlock marine bird energetics

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          ABSTRACT

          Energetics can provide novel insights into the roles of animals, but employing an energetics approach has traditionally required extensive empirical physiological data on the focal species, something that can be challenging for those that inhabit marine environments. There is therefore a demand for a framework through which to estimate energy expenditure from readily available data. We present the energetic costs associated with important time- and energy-intensive behaviours across nine families of marine bird (including seabirds, ducks, divers and grebes) and nine ecological guilds. We demonstrate a worked example, calculating the year-round energetic expenditure of the great auk, Pinguinus impennis, under three migration scenarios, thereby illustrating the capacity of this approach to make predictions for data-deficient species. We provide a comprehensive framework through which to model marine bird energetics and demonstrate the power of this approach to provide novel, quantitative insights into the influence of marine birds within their ecosystems.

          Abstract

          Summary: An approach through which to integrate activity-specific energetic costs with time–budget data and morphological information to estimate the energy expenditure of any marine bird population.

          Related collections

          Most cited references72

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: found
          Is Open Access

          Re-epithelialization and immune cell behaviour in an ex vivo human skin model

          A large body of literature is available on wound healing in humans. Nonetheless, a standardized ex vivo wound model without disruption of the dermal compartment has not been put forward with compelling justification. Here, we present a novel wound model based on application of negative pressure and its effects for epidermal regeneration and immune cell behaviour. Importantly, the basement membrane remained intact after blister roof removal and keratinocytes were absent in the wounded area. Upon six days of culture, the wound was covered with one to three-cell thick K14+Ki67+ keratinocyte layers, indicating that proliferation and migration were involved in wound closure. After eight to twelve days, a multi-layered epidermis was formed expressing epidermal differentiation markers (K10, filaggrin, DSG-1, CDSN). Investigations about immune cell-specific manners revealed more T cells in the blister roof epidermis compared to normal epidermis. We identified several cell populations in blister roof epidermis and suction blister fluid that are absent in normal epidermis which correlated with their decrease in the dermis, indicating a dermal efflux upon negative pressure. Together, our model recapitulates the main features of epithelial wound regeneration, and can be applied for testing wound healing therapies and investigating underlying mechanisms.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Migratory animals couple biodiversity and ecosystem functioning worldwide.

            Animal migrations span the globe, involving immense numbers of individuals from a wide range of taxa. Migrants transport nutrients, energy, and other organisms as they forage and are preyed upon throughout their journeys. These highly predictable, pulsed movements across large spatial scales render migration a potentially powerful yet underappreciated dimension of biodiversity that is intimately embedded within resident communities. We review examples from across the animal kingdom to distill fundamental processes by which migratory animals influence communities and ecosystems, demonstrating that they can uniquely alter energy flow, food-web topology and stability, trophic cascades, and the structure of metacommunities. Given the potential for migration to alter ecological networks worldwide, we suggest an integrative framework through which community dynamics and ecosystem functioning may explicitly consider animal migrations.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Tracking of Arctic terns Sterna paradisaea reveals longest animal migration.

              The study of long-distance migration provides insights into the habits and performance of organisms at the limit of their physical abilities. The Arctic tern Sterna paradisaea is the epitome of such behavior; despite its small size (<125 g), banding recoveries and at-sea surveys suggest that its annual migration from boreal and high Arctic breeding grounds to the Southern Ocean may be the longest seasonal movement of any animal. Our tracking of 11 Arctic terns fitted with miniature (1.4-g) geolocators revealed that these birds do indeed travel huge distances (more than 80,000 km annually for some individuals). As well as confirming the location of the main wintering region, we also identified a previously unknown oceanic stopover area in the North Atlantic used by birds from at least two breeding populations (from Greenland and Iceland). Although birds from the same colony took one of two alternative southbound migration routes following the African or South American coast, all returned on a broadly similar, sigmoidal trajectory, crossing from east to west in the Atlantic in the region of the equatorial Intertropical Convergence Zone. Arctic terns clearly target regions of high marine productivity both as stopover and wintering areas, and exploit prevailing global wind systems to reduce flight costs on long-distance commutes.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                J Exp Biol
                J Exp Biol
                JEB
                The Journal of Experimental Biology
                The Company of Biologists Ltd
                0022-0949
                1477-9145
                15 December 2023
                18 December 2023
                18 December 2023
                : 226
                : 24
                : jeb246754
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University , Lancaster, Lancashire, LA1 4YQ, UK
                [ 2 ]The Lyell Centre, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh, Lothian, EH14 4BA, UK
                [ 3 ]School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, Merseyside, L3 5DA, UK
                Author notes
                [*]

                These authors contributed equally to the work

                []Author for correspondence ( r.e.dunn@ 123456lancaster.ac.uk )

                Competing interests

                The authors declare no competing or financial interests.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0927-2734
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4715-2189
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8692-0163
                Article
                JEB246754
                10.1242/jeb.246754
                10753490
                37990955
                f390fbe7-85d1-437d-8a6f-14968d3141da
                © 2023. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

                History
                : 15 September 2023
                : 14 November 2023
                Funding
                Funded by: Bertarelli Foundation, http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100009152;
                Funded by: Natural Environment Research Council, http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000270;
                Funded by: Lancaster University, http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010029;
                Categories
                Methods & Techniques

                Molecular biology
                energy expenditure,field metabolic rate,seabirds,sea ducks,time budget,great auk
                Molecular biology
                energy expenditure, field metabolic rate, seabirds, sea ducks, time budget, great auk

                Comments

                Comment on this article