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      Jim Crow and Black Economic Progress after Slavery

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      The Quarterly Journal of Economics
      Oxford University Press (OUP)

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          Abstract

          This article studies the long-run effects of slavery and restrictive Jim Crow institutions on Black Americans’ economic outcomes. We track individual-level census records of each Black family from 1850 to 1940 and extend our analysis to neighborhood-level outcomes in 2000 and surname-based outcomes in 2023. We show that Black families whose ancestors were enslaved until the Civil War have considerably lower education, income, and wealth than Black families whose ancestors were free before the Civil War. The disparities between the two groups have persisted substantially because most families enslaved until the Civil War lived in states with strict Jim Crow regimes after slavery ended. In a regression discontinuity design based on ancestors’ enslavement locations, we show that Jim Crow institutions sharply reduced Black families’ economic progress in the long run.

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            Where is the land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                The Quarterly Journal of Economics
                Oxford University Press (OUP)
                0033-5533
                1531-4650
                July 22 2024
                July 22 2024
                Article
                10.1093/qje/qjae023
                dd61373e-6c1b-40e6-8b05-07c756b0a847
                © 2024

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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