A literature review was conducted on Ex situ and In situ Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources in Nigeria. For desired specie to be made available efforts must be in place to ensure their continuous existence. Even traits that might not be desired now might be of great scientific importance in the next generation. It is therefore important to note that biodiversity encompasses variety and variability of all forms of life on earth that play a great role in human existence. It is not an over emphasis to stress of how even the human species depends on plants which play an important role in basic food supply, clothing, shelter and other industrial uses such as fuels, medicines, fibers, rubber and other products.

It is therefore important that the management of collections of plant genetic resources should be the focal point and should be manned by skilled personnel.