The "Yangtze River Protection Law of the People's Republic of China," as the first watershed legislation in China, aims to provide comprehensive legal protection for environmental governance and sustainable economic development in the Yangtze River Basin. However, due to the complexity of environmental issues and the limitations of legal application, there are still many deficiencies in grassroots law enforcement practices. These include prominent issues such as conflicting laws, weak enforcement, and legislative gaps, which urgently need to be addressed. As the foundation of the watershed governance system and a key focus of the Yangtze River's protection efforts, grassroots law enforcement demands significant attention. This article examines the practical problems and institutional challenges of grassroots enforcement in the Yangtze River's protection, and the goal is to remove barriers for effective grassroots governance and truly safeguard the Yangtze River.