Revolutionizing Anticoagulation : A New Dawn with Factor XI and Factor XII Inhibitors

This review comprehensively examines the mechanistic rationale for targeting FXI and FXII, pivotal preclinical studies, and the outcomes of clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of these innovative anticoagulants. We delve into the comparative advantages over existing anticoagulants, discuss potential applications in clinical practice, including the prophylaxis and treatment of DVT and PE, and highlight the implications for patients with contraindications to current therapies. Moreover, we explore ongoing challenges, such as the need for extensive clinical trials to establish long- term safety profiles, strategies for managing bleeding complications, and the integration of these agents into clinical guidelines. In concluding, we project the future landscape of anticoagulation therapy, emphasizing the transformative potential of FXI and FXII inhibitors in offering a more tailored, safer approach to thromboprophylaxis. This exhaustive review aims to equip clinicians and researchers with a detailed understanding of the current state of FXI and FXII inhibition and its promising horizon in anticoagulation therapy.