Atelectasis Associated Bronchopneumonia on Congenital Rubella Syndrome Infant: A Case Report

Background: Atelectasis describes a collapsed of the lung, either a part or all of a lung with or without mediastinal shift. Obstructive atelectasis, also known as resorptive atelectasis, which is caused by blockage of an airway, is by far the most common cause of lung collapse in both adult and pediatric populations. Despite the high prevalence of pneumonia and the complication it causes including atelectasis and acute respiratory distress syndrome, the studies about atelectasis associated with it causing acute respiratory distress syndrome is still limited.

Case Presentation: We present a case of atelectasis associated with bronchopneumonia causing acute respiratory distress syndrome, in which endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, chest physiotherapy, and pharmacologic administration were done. A 2-month-old female with a history of cough, patent ductus arteriosus, and congenital cataract presented to the emergency room with sudden onset of breathlessness and severe cough. After stabilization in the pediatric intensive care unit, the baby responded significantly both clinical and radiological.

Conclusion: This case is an important addition to the literature about atelectasis associated with bronchopneumonia causing acute respiratory distress syndrome on congenital rubella syndrome infant.