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      Der Diskurs um § 218 StGB seit der deutschen Wiedervereinigung – Geschichtliche, rechtliche und ethische Aspekte des Schwangerschaftsabbruchs Translated title: The debate on the German abortion law since the German reunification—historical, legal, and ethical aspects of abortion in Germany

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          Abstract

          Der Schwangerschaftsabbruch ist bis heute Gegenstand harter Diskussionen. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über geschichtliche, ethische und rechtliche Aspekte der Abtreibungsdebatte in Deutschland mit dem Fokus auf die Entwicklungen seit der Wiedervereinigung. Dabei wird die Reform der §§ 218–219 StGB aus dem Jahr 1995 mit der Beratungsregelung im Zentrum beleuchtet. Auch werden Folgen der medizinischen Indikation und juristische Spannungsfelder thematisiert. Vor dem Hintergrund einer sich abzeichnenden Transformation des Schwangerschaftsabbruchs von einem strafrechtlichen Verbot zu einem reproduktiven Recht werden abschließend verschiedene rechtsphilosophische Positionen und praktische Problemstellungen der aktuellen Debatte dargestellt.

          Translated abstract

          Abortion continues to be a highly contentious issue. This article provides an overview of the historical, ethical, and legal aspects of the abortion debate in Germany with a focus on the developments since the reunification. It delves into the background of the 1995 reform of the German abortion law, which centers around mandatory counseling before having an abortion. Furthermore, it outlines the implications of the medical indication for abortion and legal areas of tension. In light of the emerging shift in the status of abortion from a prohibited act under criminal law to a reproductive right, the article presents various legal viewpoints and practical considerations in the ongoing discussion.

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          Most cited references55

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          Reasons why women have induced abortions: a synthesis of findings from 14 countries

          Objective Many reasons inform women’s reproductive decision-making. This paper aims to present the reasons women give for obtaining induced abortions in 14 countries. Study design We examined nationally representative data from 14 countries collected in official statistics, population-based surveys, and facility-based surveys of abortion patients. In each country, we calculated the percentage distribution of women who have abortions by main reason given for the abortion. We examined these reasons across countries and within countries by women’s sociodemographic characteristics (age, marital status, educational attainment, and residence). Where data are available, we also studied the multiple reasons women give for having an abortion. Results In most countries, the most frequently cited reasons for having an abortion were socioeconomic concerns or limiting childbearing. With some exceptions, little variation existed in the reasons given by women’s sociodemographic characteristics. Data from three countries where multiple reasons could be reported in the survey showed that women often have more than one reason for having an abortion. Conclusion This study shows that women have abortions for a variety of reasons, and provides a broad picture of the circumstances that inform women’s decisions to have abortions. Implications Future research should examine in greater depth the personal, social, economic, and health factors that inform a woman’s decision to have an abortion as these reasons may shed light on the potential consequences that unintended births can have on women’s lives.
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            Reasons women give for abortion: a review of the literature.

            The aim was to identify from empirical research that used quantitative or qualitative methods the reasons women give for having an abortion. A search was conducted of peer-reviewed, English language publications indexed in eight computerized databases with publication date 1996-2008, using keywords 'abortion' and 'reason' (Medline: 'induced abortion' OR 'termination of pregnancy' OR 'elective abortion' and 'reason'). Inclusion criteria were empirical research on humans that identified women's reasons for undergoing an abortion, conducted in 'high-income' countries. 19 eligible papers were found. Despite variation in methods of generating, collecting, and analysing reasons, and the inadequacy of methodological detail in some papers, all contributed to a consistent picture of the reasons women give for having an abortion, with three main categories ('Woman-focused', 'Other-focused', and 'Material') identified. Ambivalence was often evident in women's awareness of reasons for continuing the pregnancy, but abortion was chosen because continuing with the pregnancy was assessed as having adverse effects on the life of the woman and significant others. Women's reasons were complex and contingent, taking into account their own needs, a sense of responsibility to existing children and the potential child, and the contribution of significant others, including the genetic father.
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              After-birth abortion: why should the baby live?

              Abortion is largely accepted even for reasons that do not have anything to do with the fetus' health. By showing that (1) both fetuses and newborns do not have the same moral status as actual persons, (2) the fact that both are potential persons is morally irrelevant and (3) adoption is not always in the best interest of actual people, the authors argue that what we call 'after-birth abortion' (killing a newborn) should be permissible in all the cases where abortion is, including cases where the newborn is not disabled.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Florian.Dienerowitz@medma.uni-heidelberg.de
                Journal
                Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz
                Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz
                Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz
                Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                1436-9990
                1437-1588
                11 December 2024
                11 December 2024
                2025
                : 68
                : 1
                : 69-78
                Affiliations
                Fachgebiet Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, ( https://ror.org/038t36y30) Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 13–17, 68167 Mannheim, Deutschland
                Article
                3992
                10.1007/s00103-024-03992-5
                11732872
                39661117
                f7658df8-0710-4e45-a170-3aacd5f5092e
                © The Author(s) 2024

                Open Access Dieser Artikel wird unter der Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International Lizenz veröffentlicht, welche die Nutzung, Vervielfältigung, Bearbeitung, Verbreitung und Wiedergabe in jeglichem Medium und Format erlaubt, sofern Sie den/die ursprünglichen Autor(en) und die Quelle ordnungsgemäß nennen, einen Link zur Creative Commons Lizenz beifügen und angeben, ob Änderungen vorgenommen wurden.

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                History
                : 4 July 2024
                : 14 November 2024
                Funding
                Funded by: Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg (8990)
                Categories
                Leitthema
                Custom metadata
                © Robert Koch-Institut 2025

                beratungsregelung,fristenregelung,reproduktive rechte,selbstbestimmung,lebensrecht,pregnancy conflict counseling,maternal-fetal conflict,reproductive rights,self-determination,right to live

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