Identification for metabolism profiles and pharmacokinetic studies of tradition Chinese prescription Ji-Ming-San and its major metabolites in rats by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and UHPLC-MS/MS

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Abstract

Ji-Ming-Shan (JMS) is a traditional prescription use for patients with rheumatism, tendons swelling, athlete’s foot, diuresis and even gout. This study developed a rapid and sensitive method for the analysis of JMS chemical components in the Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription and in the serum samples of rats which were administered with the herbal extract. Two mass spectrometric approaches were used namely Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) method for the major metabolites of the JMS extract while Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was employed for the detection of the JMS metabolites in the sera of rats. It was revealed that the major components in the JMS extract were identified to be narirutin and hesperidin. It was confirmed that 17 compounds were determined in JMS prescription extract and 16 metabolites resulting from the biotransformation of narirutin and hesperidin were identified in the serum samples. In silico analyses also revealed that the metabolite hersperidin-7-glucoside exhibited the best binding ability with respect to the Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme target. This study showcased the possible biochemical mechanism involved in the therapeutic efficiency of JMS components and their biotransformation products.

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Flavonoids: an overview

A. N. Panche, A. D. Diwan, S. Chandra (2016)

Flavonoids, a group of natural substances with variable phenolic structures, are found in fruits, vegetables, grains, bark, roots, stems, flowers, tea and wine. These natural products are well known for their beneficial effects on health and efforts are being made to isolate the ingredients so called flavonoids. Flavonoids are now considered as an indispensable component in a variety of nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, medicinal and cosmetic applications. This is attributed to their anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic and anti-carcinogenic properties coupled with their capacity to modulate key cellular enzyme function. Research on flavonoids received an added impulse with the discovery of the low cardiovascular mortality rate and also prevention of CHD. Information on the working mechanisms of flavonoids is still not understood properly. However, it has widely been known for centuries that derivatives of plant origin possess a broad spectrum of biological activity. Current trends of research and development activities on flavonoids relate to isolation, identification, characterisation and functions of flavonoids and finally their applications on health benefits. Molecular docking and knowledge of bioinformatics are also being used to predict potential applications and manufacturing by industry. In the present review, attempts have been made to discuss the current trends of research and development on flavonoids, working mechanisms of flavonoids, flavonoid functions and applications, prediction of flavonoids as potential drugs in preventing chronic diseases and future research directions.

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Inflammation in osteoarthritis.

Mary B Goldring, Miguel Otero (2011)

This review focuses on the novel stress-induced and proinflammatory mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, with particular attention to the role of synovitis and the contributions of other joint tissues to cellular events that lead to the onset and progression of the disease and irreversible cartilage damage. Studies during the past 2 years have uncovered novel pathways that, when activated, cause the normally quiescent articular chondrocytes to become activated and undergo a phenotypic shift, leading to the disruption of homeostasis and ultimately to the aberrant expression of proinflammatory and catabolic genes. Studies in animal models and retrieved human tissues indicate that proinflammatory factors may be produced by the chondrocytes themselves or by the synovium and other surrounding tissues, even in the absence of overt inflammation, and that multiple pathways converge on the upregulation of aggrecanases and collagenases, especially MMP-13. Particular attention has been paid to the contribution of synovitis in posttraumatic joint injury, such as meniscal tears, and the protective role of the pericellular matrix in mediating chondrocyte responses through receptors, such as discoidin domain receptor-2 and syndecan-4. New findings about intracellular signals, including the transcription factors NF-κB, C/EBPβ, ETS, Runx2, and hypoxia-inducible factor-2α, and their modulation by inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adipokines, Toll-like receptor ligands, and receptor for advanced glycation end-products, as well as CpG methylation and microRNAs, are reviewed. Further work on mediators and pathways that are common across different models and occur in human osteoarthritis and that impact the osteoarthritis disease process at different stages of initiation and progression will inform us about new directions for targeted therapies.

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Role of Antioxidants and Natural Products in Inflammation

Palanisamy Arulselvan, Masoumeh Tangestani Fard, Woan Sean Tan … (2016)

Inflammation is a comprehensive array of physiological response to a foreign organism, including human pathogens, dust particles, and viruses. Inflammations are mainly divided into acute and chronic inflammation depending on various inflammatory processes and cellular mechanisms. Recent investigations have clarified that inflammation is a major factor for the progression of various chronic diseases/disorders, including diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, eye disorders, arthritis, obesity, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory bowel disease. Free radical productions from different biological and environmental sources are due to an imbalance of natural antioxidants which further leads to various inflammatory associated diseases. In this review article, we have outlined the inflammatory process and its cellular mechanisms involved in the progression of various chronic modern human diseases. In addition, we have discussed the role of free radicals-induced tissue damage, antioxidant defence, and molecular mechanisms in chronic inflammatory diseases/disorders. The systematic knowledge regarding the role of inflammation and its associated adverse effects can provide a clear understanding in the development of innovative therapeutic targets from natural sources that are intended for suppression of various chronic inflammations associated diseases.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Food Drug Anal

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Food Drug Anal

Title: Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Publisher: Taiwan Food and Drug Administration

ISSN (Print): 1021-9498

ISSN (Electronic): 2224-6614

Publication date (Electronic, collection): 2023

Publication date (Electronic, pub): 31 August 2023

Volume: 31

Issue: 3

Pages: 502-518

Affiliations

[a ]Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan

[b ]Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

[c ]Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan

[d ]Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan

[e ]School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan

[f ]School of Chemical, Biological, Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Intramuros, Manila, 1002, Metro Manila, Philippines

[g ]Department of Medical Science Industries, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, 711, Taiwan

Author notes

[* ]Corresponding author at: Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Teaching & research building, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan. Fax: +886 2 27361661 ext. 6185. E-mail addresses: d339108001@ 123456tmu.edu.tw (C.-Y. Hsieh), crystal@ 123456tmu.edu.tw (C.-C. Wang), lltayo@ 123456mapua.edu.ph (L.L. Tayo), powei@ 123456mail.cjcu.edu.tw (P.-W. Tsai), cjlee@ 123456tmu.edu.tw (C.-J. Lee).

Article

Publisher ID: jfda-31-03-502

DOI: 10.38212/2224-6614.3473

PMC ID: 10629916

SO-VID: f3697469-b623-44b3-9bd4-c6b43c774926

License:

This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

History

Date received : 07 April 2023

Date revision received : 11 July 2023

Date accepted : 30 July 2023

Funding

Funded by: Taipei Medical University (TMU) of Ching-Chiung Wang lab and Chia-Jung Lee lab’s fund

Support for the present study came from the Taipei Medical University (TMU) of Ching-Chiung Wang lab and Chia-Jung Lee lab’s fund in support of the whole research.

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Identification for metabolism profiles and pharmacokinetic studies of tradition Chinese prescription Ji-Ming-San and its major metabolites in rats by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and UHPLC-MS/MS

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Most cited references 62

Flavonoids: an overview

Inflammation in osteoarthritis.

Role of Antioxidants and Natural Products in Inflammation

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