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      Changes in Sedentary and Active Lifestyle, Diet Quality and Body Composition Nine Months after an Education Program in Polish Students Aged 11–12 Years: Report from the ABC of Healthy Eating Study

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          Abstract

          The sustainability of education focused on improving the dietary and lifestyle behaviours of teenagers has not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to determine the sustainability of diet-related and lifestyle-related school-based education on sedentary and active lifestyle, diet quality and body composition of Polish pre-teenagers in a medium-term follow-up study. An education-based intervention study was carried out on 464 students aged 11–12 years (educated/control group: 319/145). Anthropometric measurements were taken and body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratios (WHtR) were calculated, both at the baseline and after nine months. Dietary data from a short-form food frequency questionnaire (SF-FFQ4PolishChildren) were collected. Two measures of lifestyle (screen time, physical activity) and two diet quality scores (pro-healthy, pHDI, and non-healthy, nHDI) were established. After nine months, in the educated group (vs. control) a significantly higher increase was found in nutrition knowledge score (mean difference of the change: 1.8 points) with a significantly higher decrease in physical activity (mean difference of the change: −0.20 points), nHDI (−2.3% points), the z-WHtR (−0.18 SD), and the z-waist circumference (−0.13 SD). Logistic regression modelling with an adjustment for confounders revealed that after nine months in the educated group (referent: control), the chance of adherence to a nutrition knowledge score of at least the median was over 2 times higher, and that of the nHDI category of at least the median was significantly lower (by 35%). In conclusion, diet-related and lifestyle-related school-based education from an almost one-year perspective can reduce central adiposity in pre-teenagers, despite a decrease in physical activity and the tendency to increase screen time. Central adiposity reduction can be attributed to the improvement of nutrition knowledge in pre-teenagers subjected to the provided education and to stopping the increase in unhealthy dietary habits.

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          Media Use in School-Aged Children and Adolescents

          Swanson (2016)
          This policy statement focuses on children and adolescents 5 through 18 years of age. Research suggests both benefits and risks of media use for the health of children and teenagers. Benefits include exposure to new ideas and knowledge acquisition, increased opportunities for social contact and support, and new opportunities to access health-promotion messages and information. Risks include negative health effects on weight and sleep; exposure to inaccurate, inappropriate, or unsafe content and contacts; and compromised privacy and confidentiality. Parents face challenges in monitoring their children's and their own media use and in serving as positive role models. In this new era, evidence regarding healthy media use does not support a one-size-fits-all approach. Parents and pediatricians can work together to develop a Family Media Use Plan (www.healthychildren.org/MediaUsePlan) that considers their children's developmental stages to individualize an appropriate balance for media time and consistent rules about media use, to mentor their children, to set boundaries for accessing content and displaying personal information, and to implement open family communication about media.
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            The relationship of breakfast skipping and type of breakfast consumption with nutrient intake and weight status in children and adolescents: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006.

            National data comparing nutrient intakes and anthropometric measures in children/adolescents in the United States who skip breakfast or consume different types of breakfasts are limited. To examine the relationship between breakfast skipping and type of breakfast consumed with nutrient intake, nutrient adequacy, and adiposity status. Children aged 9 to 13 years (n=4,320) and adolescents aged 14 to 18 years (n=5,339). Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006. Breakfast consumption was self-reported. A 24-hour dietary recall was used to assess nutrient intakes. Mean adequacy ratio (MAR) for micronutrients and anthropometric indexes were evaluated. Covariate-adjusted sample-weighted means were compared using analysis of variance and Bonferroni's correction for multiple comparisons among breakfast skippers (breakfast skippers), ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal consumers, and other breakfast (other breakfast) consumers. Twenty percent of children and 31.5% of adolescents were breakfast skippers; 35.9% of children and 25.4% of adolescents consumed RTE cereal. In children/adolescents, RTE cereal consumers had lower intakes of total fat and cholesterol and higher intakes of total carbohydrate, dietary fiber, and several micronutrients (P or = 95th percentile) was higher in breakfast skippers than RTE cereal consumers (P<0.05) in children/adolescents and was higher in other breakfast consumers than RTE cereal consumers only in adolescents (P<0.05). RTE cereal consumers had more favorable nutrient intake profiles and adiposity indexes than breakfast skippers or other breakfast consumers in US children/adolescents. 2010 American Dietetic Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              Associations of Parental Influences with Physical Activity and Screen Time among Young Children: A Systematic Review

              Parents play a critical role in developing and shaping their children's physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours, particularly in the early years of life. The aim of this systematic review is to identify current literature investigating associations of parental influences with both PA and screen time in young children. This systematic review was conducted in November 2013 using 6 electronic databases covering research literature from January 1998 to November 2013. Thirty articles that met inclusion criteria were identified. These studies covered five important aspects of parenting: (1) parenting practices; (2) parents' role modelling; (3) parental perceptions of children's PA and screen viewing behaviours; (4) parental self-efficacy; and (5) general parenting style. Findings suggest that parents' encouragement and support can increase children's PA, and reducing parents' own screen time can lead to decreased child screen time. Improving parenting practices, parental self-efficacy or changing parenting style may also be promising approaches to increasing PA time and decreasing screen time of young children.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Nutrients
                Nutrients
                nutrients
                Nutrients
                MDPI
                2072-6643
                03 February 2019
                February 2019
                : 11
                : 2
                : 331
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45F, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; lidia.wadolowska@ 123456uwm.edu.pl (L.W.); joanna.kowalkowska@ 123456uwm.edu.pl (J.K.)
                [2 ]Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Science—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; jadwiga_hamulka@ 123456sggw.pl (J.H.); magdalena_gornicka@ 123456sggw.pl (M.G.)
                [3 ]Department of Functional Food, Ecological Food and Commodities, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Science—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; monika_hoffmann@ 123456sggw.pl
                [4 ]Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science, Pl. Grunwaldzki 24A, 50-363 Wroclaw, Poland; monika.bronkowska@ 123456upwr.edu.pl
                [5 ]Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland; teresa.leszczynska@ 123456urk.edu.pl
                [6 ]Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; pawel.glibowski@ 123456up.lublin.pl
                [7 ]Department of Commodity Science and Quality Management, Gdynia Maritime University, Morska 81-87, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland; r.ginter@ 123456wpit.am.gdynia.pl
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: natalia.ulewicz@ 123456uwm.edu.pl ; Tel.: +48-89-524-55-14
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8571-9935
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4933-9016
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1981-7320
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7324-8555
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8805-186X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2960-6981
                Article
                nutrients-11-00331
                10.3390/nu11020331
                6412996
                30717465
                f1386168-5deb-4121-9a68-327313c51ada
                © 2019 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 18 November 2018
                : 22 January 2019
                Categories
                Article

                Nutrition & Dietetics
                adolescents,adiposity,central obesity,dietary patterns,diet quality,overweight,physical activity,sedentary time,screen time,pre-teenagers

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