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      Fear of the Disability Con: Perceptions of Fraud and Special Rights Discourse

      Law & Society Review
      Wiley

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          A hypothesis-confirming bias in labeling effects.

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            Racial stereotypes of one hundred college students.

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              Health-related stigma.

              The concept of stigma, denoting relations of shame, has a long ancestry and has from the earliest times been associated with deviations from the 'normal', including, in various times and places, deviations from normative prescriptions of acceptable states of being for self and others. This paper dwells on modern social formations and offers conceptual and theoretical pointers towards a more convincing contemporary sociology of health-related stigma. It starts with an appreciation and critique of Goffman's benchmark sensitisation and traces his influence on the personal tragedy or deviance paradigm dominant in the medical sociology from the 1970s. To allow for the development of an argument, the focus here is on specific types of disorder--principally, epilepsy and HIV--rather than the research literature as a whole. Brief and critical consideration is given to attempts to operationalise or otherwise 'measure' health-related stigma. The advocacy of a rival oppression paradigm by disability theorists from the 1980s, notably through re-workings of the social model of disability, is addressed. It is suggested that we are now in a position to learn and move on from this paradigm 'clash'. A re-framing of notions of relations of stigma, signalling shame, and relations of deviance, signalling blame, is proposed. This framework, and the positing of a variable and changing dynamic between cultural norms of shame and blame--always embedded in social structures of class, command, gender, ethnicity and so on--is utilised to explore recent approaches to health stigma reduction programmes.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Law & Society Review
                Law & Society Rev
                Wiley
                0023-9216
                1540-5893
                November 22 2019
                December 2019
                November 22 2019
                December 2019
                : 53
                : 4
                : 1051-1091
                Article
                10.1111/lasr.12437
                f07f0d19-9a84-4ba5-94c3-907b0a946baa
                © 2019

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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