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      Trypanosoma rangeli: un protozoo infectivo y no patógeno para el humano que contribuye al entendimiento de la transmisión vectorial y la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi, agente causal de la enfermedad de Chagas Translated title: Trypanosoma rangeli: an infective but non-pathogenic protozoon for humans which contributes to the understanding of the vector-borne transmission and the pathogenesis of Trypanosoma cruzi, causative agent of Chagas' disease

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          Abstract

          A diferencia de Trypanosoma cruzi, agente causal de la enfermedad de Chagas, Trypanosoma rangeli es un parásito infectivo y no patógeno para el humano, pero sí para los vectores del género Rhodnius. Con base en polimorfismos del ADN del cinetoplasto (kADN), del gen miniexón o líder de empalme (Spliced Leader), del espaciador interno transcrito (ITS) y de la subunidad pequeña del ribosoma (SSU rARN), se han descrito varios genotipos de T. rangeli (KP1+/A, B, KP1-/C, KP1-/D y E), los cuales son transmitidos selectivamente por dos líneas filogenéticas de Rhodnius, lo que indica la ocurrencia de procesos coevolutivos entre el parásito y los vectores. La línea Robustus (Rhodnius prolixus, Rhodnius robustus y Rhodnius neglectus) transmite exclusivamente el genotipo KP1+/A y la línea Pallescens (Rhodnius pallescens, Rhodnius colombiensis y Rhodnius ecuadoriensis) transmite el genotipo KP1-/C. Aunque el conocimiento de las bases moleculares de la interacción parásito-vector es todavía escaso, este trabajo presenta observaciones inéditas sobre la capacidad de los genotipos KP1+/A y KP1-/C para completar el ciclo de vida en algunas de las 19 especies de Rhodnius y la detección de factores tripanolíticos en R. prolixus, R. robustus y R. neglectus contra el genotipo KP1-/C y varios genotipos de T. cruzi. Los avances recientes en los estudios de transcripción genómica de T. rangeli, y su comparación con T. cruzi constituyen el punto de partida para entender cabalmente la transmisión vectorial selectiva de T. rangeli y T. cruzi, así como de la patogenia de T. rangeli para el vector y de la incapacidad de T. rangeli y la capacidad de T. cruzi para invadir células del mamífero.

          Translated abstract

          Unlike Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas' disease, T. rangeli is an infective, non-pathogenic parasite for humans, but pathogenic for vectors from the Rhodnius genus. Several T. rangeli genotypes (KP1+/A, B, KP1-/C, KP1-/D and E) have been described based on kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) polymorphisms, the spliced leader or miniexon, the intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) and the small ribosomal subunit (SSUrRNA). These are selectively transmitted by two Rhodnius phylogenetic lines, thereby indicating co-evolutionary processes between parasite and vector genotypes. The Robustus line (Rhodnius prolixus, R. robustus and R. neglectus) exclusively transmits the KP1+/A genotype and the Pallescens line (R. pallescens, R. colombiensis and R. ecuadoriensis) only transmits the KP1-/C genotype. Even though little knowledge is available regarding the molecular basis of parasite- vector interaction, the present work presents unpublished observations about KP1+/A and KP1-/C genotype ability to complete the life-cycle of some of the 19 Rhodnius species and the detection of trypanolytic factors in R. prolixus, R. robustus and R. neglectus against the KP1-/C genotype and some T. cruzi genotypes. Several advances regarding molecular, transcriptome and genomic studies dealing with T. rangeli are presented and compared to T. cruzi; these are the starting point for understanding the selective vectorial transmission of T. rangeli and T. cruzi, T. rangeli pathogenicity for the vector, as well as T. rangeli inability and T. cruzi ability to invade mammalian cells.

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          The revised Trypanosoma cruzi subspecific nomenclature: rationale, epidemiological relevance and research applications.

          The protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, its mammalian reservoirs, and vectors have existed in nature for millions of years. The human infection, named Chagas disease, is a major public health problem for Latin America. T. cruzi is genetically highly diverse and the understanding of the population structure of this parasite is critical because of the links to transmission cycles and disease. At present, T. cruzi is partitioned into six discrete typing units (DTUs), TcI-TcVI. Here we focus on the current status of taxonomy-related areas such as population structure, phylogeographical and eco-epidemiological features, and the correlation of DTU with natural and experimental infection. We also summarize methods for DTU genotyping, available for widespread use in endemic areas. For the immediate future multilocus sequence typing is likely to be the gold standard for population studies. We conclude that greater advances in our knowledge on pathogenic and epidemiological features of these parasites are expected in the coming decade through the comparative analysis of the genomes from isolates of various DTUs. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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            A new consensus for Trypanosoma cruzi intraspecific nomenclature: second revision meeting recommends TcI to TcVI

            In an effort to unify the nomenclature of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, an updated system was agreed upon at the Second Satellite Meeting. A consensus was reached that T. cruzi strains should be referred to by six discrete typing units (T. cruzi I-VI). The goal of a unified nomenclature is to improve communication within the scientific community involved in T. cruzi research. The justification and implications will be presented in a subsequent detailed report.
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              Interactions between intestinal compounds of triatomines and Trypanosoma cruzi.

              Triatomine bugs are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, a devastating disease that disables and leads to the death of many people in Latin America. In this review, factors from the insect vector are described, including digestive enzymes, hemolysins, agglutinins, microbiota and especially antimicrobial factors, which are potentially involved in regulating the development of T. cruzi in the gut. Differential regulation of parasite populations shows that some triatomine defense reactions discriminate not only between molecular signals specific for trypanosome infections but also between different strains of T. cruzi. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                racefn
                Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales
                Rev. acad. colomb. cienc. exact. fis. nat.
                Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                0370-3908
                March 2015
                : 39
                : 150
                : 111-122
                Affiliations
                [01] Ibagué orgnameUniversidad del Tolima orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias orgdiv2Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Parasitología Tropical (LIPT) Colombia gvallejo@ 123456ut.edu.co
                Article
                S0370-39082015000100011 S0370-3908(15)03915011
                10.18257/raccefyn.143
                e36509ed-a06a-4347-be54-1e50a738deec

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 09 February 2015
                : 29 October 2014
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 65, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Ciencias biomédicas

                Rhodnius spp.,T. rangeli genome,molecular epidemiology,Trypanosoma rangeli KP1(-),Trypanosoma rangeli KP1(+),genoma de T. rangeli,epidemiología molecular

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