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      Inter-Individual Variation in Anti-Parasitic Egg Rejection Behavior: A Test of the Maternal Investment Hypothesis

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          Synopsis

          Hosts of avian brood parasites may reduce or forego the costs of caring for foreign young by rejecting parasitic eggs from the nest. Yet, many host species accept parasitic eggs and, even among rejecter species, some individuals go on to incubate and hatch them. The factors explaining the variation in egg rejection between species have received much theoretical and empirical attention, but the causes of intraspecific variation in different individuals’ propensity for accepting parasitic eggs are less well understood. Here we tested the maternal investment hypothesis, which predicts that hosts with costlier clutches will be more likely to reject parasitic eggs from their nest. We studied variation in the egg rejection responses of American robins ( Turdus migratorius), a robust egg-rejecter host of the brood parasitic brown-headed cowbird ( Molothrus ater), to 3D-printed cowbird-sized eggs which were painted dark blue, a color known to induce variable and repeatable egg rejection responses in individual robins. Costlier clutch investment was estimated by earlier laying date, larger clutch size, heavier unincubated yolk mass, and variable yolk steroid hormone concentrations. There was no statistical support for most of our predictions. However, we detected more concentrated and greater overall amount of deoxycorticosterone deposited in egg yolks of rejecters relative to acceptors, although this accounted for no more than 14% of variance in the data. Future work should test experimentally the potential physiological linkage between maternal egg yolk steroid investment and egg rejection propensity in this and other host species of avian brood parasites.

          Synopsis

          Egyedek közti variáció az antiparazitikus tojás-diszkriminációban: az anyai befektetés hipotézis tesztelése

          Kivonat

          A költésparazita madárfajok gazdái csökkenthetik vagy megszüntethetik az idegen fióka nevelésének költségeit úgy, hogy eltávolítják a fészekből a paraziták tojásait. Ennek ellenére több gazdafaj is elfogadja a parazita tojásokat, sőt az elutasító gazdafajok körében is akadnak olyan egyedek, amelyek elfogadják és kikeltik az idegen tojást. Bár az eddigi elméleti és kísérleti kutatások nagy hangsúlyt fektettek a különböző gazdafajok közti, költésparazita tojások diszkriminacióját befolyásoló tényezők feltárására, a parazita tojások elfogadásának gazdafajon belüli varianciája kevésbé tisztázott. Jelen kutatásunkban az anyai befektetés hipotézisét vizsgáltuk, melynek értelmében azok az egyedek, amelyek több energiát fektetnek fészekaljukba, nagyobb valószínűséggel távolítják el a költésparazita tojásait a fészekből. A vándorrigónak ( Turdus migratorius) a parazita tojást elutasító viselkedését vizsgáltuk meg a költésparazita barnafejű gulyajáró ( Molothrus ater) tojásához hasonló méretű, de sötétkék színű, 3 D nyomtatóval készített műtojásokat használva. A költési periódusban korábban letojt, több tojásból álló, nagyobb inkubálatlan tömegű és változatos szteroid hormonkoncentrácijú sárga szíkű tojásokkal rendelkező fészekaljakat tekintettük a magasabb anyai befektetésű fészekaljaknak. Feltevéseink nagyrészét statisztikai eredményeink nem támasztották alá. Mindezek ellenére, a parazita tojásokat elfogadó egyedekéhez képest, az idegen tojást elutasító egyedek tojásai sárga szíkanyagában nagyobb koncentrációban és mennyiségben volt jelen a dezoxikortikoszteron, bár ez az adatainkra jellemző varianciának csupán 14%-át magyarázta. További kísérletes vizsgálatok szükségesek ahhoz, hogy feltárhassuk az esetleges fiziológiás kapcsolatot az anyai tojas szteroid hormone befektetés és a parazita tojások elutasításának gyakorisága között ennél a gazdafajnál, és más költésparazita gazdáknál egyaránt. Translated kindly by Attila Marton, Debrecen University.

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          Yolk is a source of maternal testosterone for developing birds.

          H Schwabl (1993)
          The sex steroid hormones that affect development in birds have been thought to be produced exclusively by the embryo or neonate. I used radioimmunoassay to measure the amounts of androstenedione, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, 17 beta-estradiol, and corticosterone in the yolk of freshly laid canary (Serinus canaria) and zebra finch (Poephila guttata) eggs. Testosterone was found in both canary and zebra finch eggs, but its contents were much higher in the former than in the latter. The testosterone content of canary eggs in a same clutch increased with the order of laying, regardless of the genetic sex of the offspring that hatched from these eggs. Yolk testosterone was also present in the eggs of female canaries that were kept without a male, indicating that it is of maternal origin. The social rank of juvenile canaries was positively correlated with the concentration of yolk testosterone in the eggs from which they hatched, suggesting that the development of aggressive behavior of offspring might be subject to modification by maternal testosterone. These findings indicate that female songbirds can bestow upon their eggs a dose of hormone that modifies the behavior of offspring. Variable doses of these hormones might explain some of the individual variation in offspring behavior.
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            • Record: found
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            Recognition Errors and Probability of Parasitism Determine Whether Reed Warblers Should Accept or Reject Mimetic Cuckoo Eggs

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              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              Rejection of cuckoo eggs in relation to host age: a possible evolutionary equilibrium

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Integr Org Biol
                Integr Org Biol
                iob
                Integrative Organismal Biology
                Oxford University Press
                2517-4843
                2020
                06 May 2020
                06 May 2020
                : 2
                : 1
                : obaa014
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, School of Integrative Biology , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
                [2 ] Department of Biology, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40292, USA
                [3 ] School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University , Normal, IL 61790, USA
                Author notes
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2014-4928
                Article
                obaa014
                10.1093/iob/obaa014
                7671127
                33791557
                e2584ad9-0017-4461-99ad-10da56cd0e12
                © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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                Pages: 10
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