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      EL HUMO QUE TRANSFORMA, NUEVAS MIRADAS PARA ENTENDER LA TECNOLOGÍA RITUAL DE LAS PIPAS DEL SALAR DE ATACAMA Translated title: THE SMOKE THAT TRANSFORMS, NEW LOOKS TO UNDERSTAND THE RITUAL TECNOLOGY O THE PIPES OF ATACAMA SALT LAKE

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          Abstract

          Resumen Esta propuesta entrega una nueva mirada sobre las pipas arqueológicas del Salar de Atacama, buscando complementar las hipótesis que las establecen como el eslabón inicial del consumo de psicotrópicos en los Andes Sur. Para ello se abordan los artefactos en cuanto a su posibilidad de combustionar sustancias capaces de emanar humo. Este es un importante ingrediente en prácticas seculares y rituales indígenas que persisten tanto entre las comunidades del Salar de Atacama como en grupos andinos en general. Un estudio de huellas de uso, trayectorias e historias de vida de los ejemplares arqueológicos; sumado a un ejercicio de arqueología experimental y trabajo de campo etnográfico, son líneas de evidencia que nos permiten esbozar un repertorio de usos vinculado a estos objetos en tiempos prehispánicos.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract This proposal provides new insights into the archaeological pipes of the Salar de Atacama, seeking to complement the hypotheses that place them as an initial link of psychotropic consumption in the South Andes. Thus, pipes are addressed regarding theirpossibility of burning fume-emanating substances. Fumes are an essential ingredient in secular practices and indigenous rituals that have re-mained within the communities of the Salar de Atacama and Andean peoples. A study of traces of use, trajectories, and life histories of archaeological specimens, added to an exercise in experimental archaeology and ethnographic fieldwork, are lines of evidence that allow us to sketch a repertoire linked to these objects and their use in pre-Hispanic times.

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          An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants commercialized in the markets of La Paz and El Alto, Bolivia.

          An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants marketed in La Paz and El Alto cities in the Bolivian Andes, reported medicinal information for about 129 species, belonging to 55 vascular plant families and one uncertain lichen family. The most important family was Asteraceae with 22 species, followed by Fabaceae s.l. with 11, and Solanaceae with eight. More than 90 general medicinal indications were recorded to treat a wide range of illnesses and ailments. The highest number of species and applications were reported for digestive system disorders (stomach ailments and liver problems), musculoskeletal body system (rheumatism and the complex of contusions, luxations, sprains, and swellings), kidney and other urological problems, and gynecological disorders. Some medicinal species had magic connotations, e.g. for cleaning and protection against ailments, to bring good luck, or for Andean offerings to Pachamama, 'Mother Nature'. In some indications, the separation between medicinal and magic plants was very narrow. Most remedies were prepared from a single species, however some applications were always prepared with a mixture of plants, e.g. for abortion, and the complex of luxations and swellings. The part of the plant most frequently used was the aerial part (29.3%) and the leaves (20.7%). The remedies were mainly prepared as a decoction (47.5%) and an infusion (28.6%). Most of species were native from Bolivia, but an important 36.4% of them were introduced from different origins. There exists a high informant consensus for species and their medicinal indications. The present urban phytotherapy represents a medicinal alternative to treat main health problems and remains closer to the cultural and social context of this society.
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            CHRONICALLY UNSTABLE BODIES: REFLECTIONS ON AMAZONIAN CORPORALITIES

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              Animating Archaeology: Local Theories and Conceptually Open-ended Methodologies

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rda
                Diálogo andino
                Diálogo Andino
                Universidad de Tarapacá. Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geográficas (Arica, , Chile )
                0719-2681
                March 2023
                : 70
                : 287-308
                Affiliations
                [3] San Pedro de Atacama Antofagasta orgnameUniversidad Católica del Norte Chile fernanda.kalazich@ 123456ucn.cl
                [2] Arica Tarapacá orgnameUniversidad de Tarapacá Chile manegarciab@ 123456yahoo.com
                [1] Santiago orgnameFundación El Olivar Chile frangili@ 123456hotmail.com
                [5] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad de Santiago de Chile orgdiv1Facultad de Química y Biología Chile javier.echeverriam@ 123456usach.cl
                [4] San Pedro de Atacama Antofagasta orgnameUniversidad Católica del Norte Chile jcruz@ 123456ucn.cl
                Article
                S0719-26812023000100287 S0719-2681(23)00007000287
                10.4067/s0719-26812023000100287
                e21ba03a-81a0-445a-b0bd-bcb273d747df

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 November 2021
                : 15 September 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 73, Pages: 22
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS

                arqueología,archaeology,Atacama Salt Lake,smoke,pipes,Salar de Atacama,humos,pipas

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