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      Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma associated with gastric ulcers in alpacas

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          Abstract

          In pathological examinations, gastric ulcers are often detected in South American camelids. The aetiology cannot be clarified in every case. However, tumour-related gastric ulcers are observed repeatedly. This study reports clinical, laboratory and pathological findings in six alpacas, three each with adenocarcinoma- and squamous cell carcinoma-associated gastric ulcers. Clinically they were presented with general symptoms like emaciation, anorexia and recumbency. Laboratory findings of these animals were non-specific. All animals were at least nine years old. The adenocarcinomas as well as the squamous cell carcinomas were metastasised in various organs, especially in the lymph nodes. Two adenocarcinoma-associated gastric ulcers were perforated. In summary, squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas can lead to ulcerative lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. Although neoplasms are rare overall, they should be considered as a possible differential diagnosis in the case of non-specific symptoms. In particular, older animals seem to be affected more frequently.

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          Reference values of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-monocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, and mean platelet volume in healthy adults in South Korea

          Abstract There is a growing interest in research aimed at better understanding the disease status or predicting the prognosis of patients with simple blood tests associated with systemic inflammation. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV) can be used as factors to determine the prognosis of patients in various clinical situations. However, reference values for these attributes based on large, healthy populations have yet to be determined. From January 2014 to December 2016, data from routine blood analyses were collected from healthy patients in the checkup center of a tertiary hospital in Seoul, South Korea. Retrospective data review was then performed on an electronic medical record system. Data were treated anonymously as only age, sex, body mass index, medical history including cancer diagnosis, medications, and smoking status were considered. After the initial screen, we had a collection of 12,160 samples from patients without any medical history, including cancer treatment. This patient pool consisted of 6268 (51.5%, median age 47 years) and 5892 (48.5%, median age 46 years) male and female patients, respectively. The mean NLR across all ages was 1.65 (0.79), and the values for men and women were 1.63 (0.76) and 1.66 (0.82), respectively. The mean LMR, PLR, and MPV were 5.31 (1.68), 132.40 (43.68), and 10.02 (0.79), respectively. This study provides preliminary reference data on LMR, PLR, and MPV from different age and sex groups in South Korea. The results suggest that different cutoff values should be applied to the various patient populations.
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            Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as prognostic indicator in gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

            An accurate, time efficient, and inexpensive prognostic indicator is needed to reduce cost and assist with clinical decision making for cancer management. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which is derived from common serum testing, has been explored in a variety of cancers. We sought to determine its prognostic value in gastrointestinal cancers and performed a meta-analysis of published studies using the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Included were randomized control trials and observational studies that analyzed humans with gastrointestinal cancers that included NLR and hazard ratios (HR) with overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and/or cancer-specific survival (CSS). We analyzed 144 studies comprising 45,905 patients, two-thirds of which were published after 2014. The mean, median, and mode cutoffs for NLR reporting OS from multivariate models were 3.4, 3.0, 5.0 (±IQR 2.5-5.0), respectively. Overall, NLR greater than the cutoff was associated with a HR for OS of 1.63 (95% CI, 1.53-1.73; P < 0.001). This association was observed in all subgroups based on tumor site, stage, and geographic region. HR for elevated NLR for DFS, PFS, and CSS were 1.70 (95% CI, 1.52-1.91, P < 0.001), 1.64 (95% CI, 1.36-1.97, P < 0.001), and 1.83 (95% CI, 1.50-2.23, P < 0.001), respectively. Available evidence suggests that NLR greater than the cutoff reduces OS, independent of geographic location, gastrointestinal cancer type, or stage of cancer. Furthermore, DFS, PFS, and CSS also have worse outcomes with elevated NLR.
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              Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of lymphocyte to monocyte ratio in patients with gastric cancer: A meta-analysis

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                neubert.saskia@web.de
                matthias.gerhard.wagener@tiho-hannover.de
                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2045-2322
                23 December 2024
                23 December 2024
                2024
                : 14
                : 30586
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, ( https://ror.org/015qjqf64) 30173 Hannover, Germany
                [2 ]Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, ( https://ror.org/015qjqf64) 30559 Hannover, Germany
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5602-6686
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3366-8579
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1589-0803
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2592-6868
                Article
                71079
                10.1038/s41598-024-71079-x
                11666737
                39715809
                da5feaae-9d0e-4957-8496-9f8ccc862ccf
                © The Author(s) 2024

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 8 January 2024
                : 23 August 2024
                Funding
                Funded by: We acknowledge financial support by the Open Access Publication Fund of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation.
                Funded by: Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover (TIHO) (3134)
                Categories
                Article
                Custom metadata
                © Springer Nature Limited 2024

                Uncategorized
                alpaca,neoplasia,gastric ulcer,adenocarcinoma,squamous cell carcinoma,animal physiology,gastric cancer

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