O artigo discute, a partir das formulações políticas da nova questão social e do pensamento antiutilitarista de cientistas sociais franceses, as conseqüências do atual quadro de violência urbana para a sociabilidade e a política nos bairros populares do Rio de Janeiro. As propostas da cidadania ativa, da participação em vários níveis e formas da vida em sociedade, que vão refazer o Estado nação, são discutidas na primeira parte. A seguir, os paradoxos e ambigüidades da reciprocidade são analisados a fim de se pensar a reciprocidade moderna, caracterizada pela solidariedade ao estranho e pelas novas redes ampliadas de laços sociais que minimizam a violência. Por fim, as exclusões e os abalados circuitos da reciprocidade no Brasil de hoje são entendidos na sua articulação com o modo pelo qual o crime se organizou e as novas divisões sociais se estabeleceram no Rio de Janeiro.
The article discusses the consequences of the present pattern of urban violence on the sociability and policies in popular districts of Rio de Janeiro from the perspectives and political proposals of the new social question as well as the anti-utilitarian thought of some French social scientists. Initially, it discusses the suggestions for active citizenship or for social life participation in several ways and levels for the remaking of the nation State. Then, it analyses the ambiguities and paradoxes of reciprocity in order to reflect upon modern reciprocity as characterised by solidarity towards the stranger and by new amplified networks of social bonds which minimise violence. Lastly, the exclusions and the shaken circuits of reciprocity in today's Brazil are considered in their relationship with the way in which crime is organised and how the new internal-classes divisions established themselves in Rio de Janeiro.
L'article présente les conséquences de l'actuel cadre de violence urbaine sur la sociabilité et la politique dans les quartiers populaires de Rio de Janeiro, prenant en considération les perspectives et les formulations politiques de la nouvelle question sociale ainsi que la pensée anti-utilitariste de certains scientistes sociaux français. Initialement, il y est commenté les suggestions pour une citoyenneté active, ou pour une participation à la vie sociale sous plusieurs formes et niveaux, capables de refaire la Nation-État. Ensuite, il y est analysé les paradoxes et les ambiguïtés de la réciprocité à fin de pondérer la réciprocité moderne telle qu'elle se caractérise par la solidarité envers l'étranger et par les réseaux amplifiés des liens sociaux qui diminuent la violence. Enfin, les exclusions et les circuits ébranlés de la réciprocité dans le Brésil actuel sont compris comme étant liés à la façon par laquelle le crime a été organisé à Rio de Janeiro.
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