Immunological, biochemical and pathological effects of vitamin C and Arabic gum co-administration on H9N2 avian influenza virus vaccinated and challenged laying Japanese quails

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Abstract

Aim

This study evaluated the effect of co-administration of vitamin C and Arabic gum (AG) supplements on the response of vaccinated (VAC) and challenged laying Japanese quails with avian influenza virus (AIV) H9N2.

Materials and methods

One hundred and fifty 49-day-old laying Japanese quails were divided into 5 groups (G1-G5): the G1 group was a negative control, G2 group was unvaccinated + H9N2 challenged (Ch), G3 group was unvaccinated + supplements + Ch, G4 group was VAC + Ch, and the G5 group was VAC + supplements + Ch. The supplements (vitamin C, 1 g/liter of drinking water and AG, 1% ration) were given for 5 weeks post-vaccination (PV). The birds were injected subcutaneously with an inactivated H9N2 vaccine at 49 days of age. The quails were then challenged intranasally with AIV H9N2 at the 3rd week PV. Blood, tracheal swab and tissue samples were collected at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd weeks PV, and at different time points post-challenge (PC).

Results

Growth performance, egg production (%), egg and eggshell weights, HI antibody titers, clinical signs, lesions, mortality, virus shedding rates, leukogram, biochemical and immunological parameters and histopathological lesions PC showed significant differences (P < 0.05) between the vaccinated-unsupplemented (G4) group and the vaccinated-supplemented (G5) group. G5 showed the highest (P < 0.05) growth performance, egg production, HI antibody titers, and heterophil phagocytic activity and the lowest heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, mortality, virus shedding rates, creatinine level and histopathological lesion scores in the lungs.

Conclusion

The co-administration of vitamin C and AG for 5 weeks can improve growth performance, egg production and the immune response in vaccinated laying quails challenged with AIV H9N2 .

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03495-y.

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Most cited references 58

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A Global Perspective on H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus

T(homas). P. Peacock, Joe James, Joshua E Sealy … (2019)

H9N2 avian influenza viruses have become globally widespread in poultry over the last two decades and represent a genuine threat both to the global poultry industry but also humans through their high rates of zoonotic infection and pandemic potential. H9N2 viruses are generally hyperendemic in affected countries and have been found in poultry in many new regions in recent years. In this review, we examine the current global spread of H9N2 avian influenza viruses as well as their host range, tropism, transmission routes and the risk posed by these viruses to human health.

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Exudate gums: occurrence, production, and applications.

D Verbeken, S Dierckx, K Dewettinck (2003)

This paper presents a review of the industrially most relevant exudate gums: gum arabic, gum karya, and gum tragacanth. Exudate gums are obtained as the natural exudates of different tree species and exhibit unique properties in a wide variety of applications. This review covers the chemical structure, occurrence and production of the different gums. It also deals with the size and relative importance of the various players on the world market. Furthermore, it gives an overview of the main application fields of the different gums, both food and non-food.

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Newcastle disease and other avian paramyxoviruses.

Dominik D. Alexander (2000)

Newcastle disease (ND), caused by avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1) viruses, is included in List A of the Office International des Epizooties. Historically, ND has been a devastating disease of poultry, and in many countries the disease remains one of the major problems affecting existing or developing poultry industries. Even in countries where ND may be considered to be controlled, an economic burden is still associated with vaccination and/or maintaining strict biosecurity measures. The variable nature of Newcastle disease virus strains in terms of virulence for poultry and the different susceptibilities of the different species of birds mean that for control and trade purposes, ND requires careful definition. Confirmatory diagnosis of ND requires the isolation and characterisation of the virus involved. Assessments of virulence conventionally require in vivo testing. However, in vitro genetic characterisation of viruses is being used increasingly now that the molecular basis of pathogenicity is more fully understood. Control of ND is by prevention of introduction and spread, good biosecurity practices and/or vaccination. Newcastle disease viruses may infect humans, usually causing transient conjunctivitis, but human-to-human spread has never been reported. Eight other serotypes of avian paramyxoviruses are recognised, namely: APMV-2 to APMV-9. Most of these serotypes appear to be present in natural reservoirs of specific feral avian species, although other host species are usually susceptible. Only APMV-2 and APMV-3 viruses have made a significant disease and economic impact on poultry production. Both types of viruses cause respiratory disease and egg production losses which may be severe when exacerbated by other infections or environmental stresses. No reports exist of natural infections of chickens with APMV-3 viruses.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Abdelfattah H. Eladl:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8404-8850

doctor@mans.edu.eg , abdelfatahpo@yahoo.com

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Vet Res

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Vet Res

Title: BMC Veterinary Research

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1746-6148

Publication date (Electronic): 18 November 2022

Publication date PMC-release: 18 November 2022

Publication date Collection: 2022

Volume: 18

Electronic Location Identifier: 408

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.10251.37, ISNI 0000000103426662, Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, , Mansoura University, ; PO Box: 35516, Mansoura, Egypt

[2 ]GRID grid.10251.37, ISNI 0000000103426662, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, , Mansoura University, ; Mansoura, Egypt

[3 ]GRID grid.10251.37, ISNI 0000000103426662, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, , Mansoura University, ; Mansoura, Egypt

[4 ]GRID grid.10251.37, ISNI 0000000103426662, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, , Mansoura University, ; Mansoura, Egypt

[5 ]GRID grid.10251.37, ISNI 0000000103426662, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, , Mansoura University, ; Mansoura, Egypt

Author information

Abdelfattah H. Eladl https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8404-8850

Verginia M. Farag https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4921-9236

Reham A. El-Shafei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-0609

Abeer E. Aziza https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7293-5698

Walaa F. Awadin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3510-0197

Nagah Arafat https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3126-7632

Article

Publisher ID: 3495

DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03495-y

PMC ID: 9673443

PubMed ID: 36401270

SO-VID: b8fc3c6d-9476-4ca6-b1f8-f465b72a5a5f

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 8 July 2022

Date accepted : 31 October 2022

Funding

Funded by: Mansoura University

Open Access :

Open access funding provided by The Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Veterinary medicine

Keywords: vitamin c,arabic gum,aiv h9n2,vaccine,laying quails,immune response

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Veterinary medicine

Keywords: vitamin c, arabic gum, aiv h9n2, vaccine, laying quails, immune response

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Immunological, biochemical and pathological effects of vitamin C and Arabic gum co-administration on H9N2 avian influenza virus vaccinated and challenged laying Japanese quails

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Abstract

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Materials and methods

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Supplementary Information

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Horses and Humans Research Foundation

Most cited references 58

A Global Perspective on H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus

Exudate gums: occurrence, production, and applications.

Newcastle disease and other avian paramyxoviruses.

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