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      Comparing the reinforcing effects of a resin modified glassionomer cement, Flowable compomer, and Flowable composite in the restoration of calcium hydroxide-treated immature roots in vitro

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          Abstract

          One hundred and sixty human permanent central incisors were enlarged to a 120 file size after crown removal procedure to simulate immature teeth. The root canals were filled with calcium hydroxide and stored for 15 days (phase I), 30 days (phase II), 90 days (phase III), and 180 days (Phase IV). At the end of these selected time periods, calcium hydroxide was cleaned off the root canals of forty teeth that were randomly selected and obturated with gutta-percha points in the apical 2 mm of the root canals with a sealer. The specimens were further equally divided into four groups. Unrestored Group I served as control and the root canals of teeth in the other three group specimens were reinforced with resin modified glassionomer cement (RMGIC) (Group II), Flowable Compomer (Group III), and Flowable Composite (Group IV), respectively, using a translucent curing post. All specimens were subjected to compressive force using an Instron Testing machine, until fracture occurred. All the materials evaluated substantially reinforced the root specimens compared to the control. At the end of 180 days, Flowable composites showed maximum reinforcement compared to the other groups; however, no significant differences were found between the reinforcement capabilities of Flowable Compomer and RMGIC.

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          Most cited references29

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          Post placement and restoration of endodontically treated teeth: a literature review.

          The restoration of endodontically treated teeth is a topic that is extensively studied and yet remains controversial from many perspectives. This article reviews the major pertinent literature on this topic, with an emphasis on major decision-making elements in post placement and restoration of endodontically treated teeth. Recommendations are made for treatment planning, materials, and clinical practices from restorative and endodontic perspectives.
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            Long-term calcium hydroxide as a root canal dressing may increase risk of root fracture.

            It has been proposed (Cvek 1992) that immature teeth are weakened by filling of the root canals with calcium hydroxide dressing and gutta-percha. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that dentin in contact with calcium hydroxide would show a reduction in fracture strength after a certain period of time. Immature mandibular incisors from sheep were extracted and divided into two experimental groups. Group 1: the pulps were extirpated via the apical foramen. The root canals were then filled with calcium hydroxide (Calasept) and sealed with IRM(R) cement, and the teeth were then stored in saline at room temperature for 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, or 12 months. Group 2: the pulps were extirpated and the root canals were filled with saline and sealed with IRM(R) cement. The teeth were then stored in saline for 2 months. Intact teeth served as controls and were tested immediately after extraction. All teeth were tested for fracture strength in an Instron testing machine at the indicated observation periods. The results showed a markedly decrease in fracture strength with increasing storage time for group 1 (calcium hydroxide dressing). The results indicate that the fracture strength of calcium hydroxide-filled immature teeth will be halved in about a year due to the root filling. The finding may explain the frequent reported fractures of immature teeth filled with calcium hydroxide for extended periods.
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              Fracture resistance of roots endodontically treated with a new resin filling material.

              The authors evaluated the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth filled with either gutta-percha or a new resin-based obturation material. The authors prepared and randomly divided 80 single-canal extracted teeth into five groups: lateral and vertical condensation with gutta-percha, lateral and vertical condensation with the new resin-based obturation material, and a control group with no filling material. The specimens were stored in 100 percent humidity for two weeks, mounted in polyester resin and loaded to failure. The authors found statistically significant differences among the experimental groups (P < .05). The groups with the new material displayed higher mean fracture loads and the gutta-percha groups lower mean fracture load values than the control unfilled group. However, the differences were not significant. The groups with the new material displayed significantly higher mean fracture loads than gutta-percha groups independent of the filling technique used. Filling the canals with the new resin-based obturation material increased the in vitro resistance to fracture of endodontically treated single-canal extracted teeth when compared with standard gutta-percha techniques. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS; If other properties of the new resin-based obturation material compare favorably with those of gutta-percha for filling the root canal, it should be considered as a replacement for gutta-percha, as the results of this study indicate that it could provide enhanced resistance to tooth fracture.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Contemp Clin Dent
                CCD
                Contemporary Clinical Dentistry
                Medknow Publications Pvt Ltd (India )
                0976-237X
                0976-2361
                Jan-Mar 2011
                : 2
                : 1
                : 21-26
                Affiliations
                [1] Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, DAPMRV Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, India
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Dr. Prathibha Rani S, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, No. 5 Byrasandra Main Road, Ist Block East, Jayanagar, Bangalore, India. E-mail: prathibhasuren@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                CCD-2-21
                10.4103/0976-237X.79298
                3220169
                22114449
                b8582cd2-cc37-4d97-a58d-13da72e0f352
                Copyright: © Contemporary Clinical Dentistry

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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                Categories
                Original Article

                Dentistry
                resin modified glassionomer cement,immature permanent teeth,flowable composite,calcium hydroxide,flowable compomer,intraradicular reinforcement,light transmitting posts

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