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      The Relation between Religion and Well-Being

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      Applied Research in Quality of Life
      Springer Science and Business Media LLC

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          Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress.

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            Personality, culture, and subjective well-being: emotional and cognitive evaluations of life.

            Subjective well-being (SWB), people's emotional and cognitive evaluations of their lives, includes what lay people call happiness, peace, fulfillment, and life satisfaction. Personality dispositions such as extraversion, neuroticism, and self-esteem can markedly influence levels of SWB. Although personality can explain a significant amount of the variability in SWB, life circumstances also influence long-term levels. Cultural variables explain differences in mean levels of SWB and appear to be due to objective factors such as wealth, to norms dictating appropriate feelings and how important SWB is considered to be, and to the relative approach versus avoidance tendencies of societies. Culture can also moderate which variables most influence SWB. Although it is challenging to assess SWB across societies, the measures have some degree of cross-cultural validity. Although nations can be evaluated by their levels of SWB, there are still many open questions in this area.
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              The relationship between social support and physiological processes: a review with emphasis on underlying mechanisms and implications for health.

              In this review, the authors examine the evidence linking social support to physiological processes and characterize the potential mechanisms responsible for these covariations. A review of 81 studies revealed that social support was reliably related to beneficial effects on aspects of the cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune systems. An analysis of potential mechanisms underlying these associations revealed that (a) potential health-related behaviors do not appear to be responsible for these associations; (b) stress-buffering effects operate in some studies; (c) familial sources of support may be important; and (d) emotional support appears to be at least 1 important dimension of social support. Recommendations and directions for future research include the importance of conceptualizing social support as a multidimensional construct, examination of potential mechanisms across levels of analyses, and attention to the physiological process of interest.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Applied Research in Quality of Life
                Applied Research Quality Life
                Springer Science and Business Media LLC
                1871-2584
                1871-2576
                September 2017
                June 10 2016
                September 2017
                : 12
                : 3
                : 533-547
                Article
                10.1007/s11482-016-9475-6
                b4449aaa-d636-4c7a-aea5-3b105ce63c03
                © 2017

                http://www.springer.com/tdm

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