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      A CFD Study on the Effects of Injection Timing and Spray Inclusion Angle on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a DI Diesel Engine Operating in Diffusion-Controlled and PCCI Modes of Combustion

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      Energies
      MDPI AG

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          Abstract

          In three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, the effects of injection timing and spray inclusion angle (SIA) on performance and emissions of diffusion-controlled and Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI) combustion in part load for a heavy-duty direct injection (HDDI) diesel engine are studied. The start of injection (SOI) of a 146° SIA injector is varied between −70 and −10 °crank angle (°CA) after top dead center (ATDC). For −50 °CA ATDC SOI with various SIAs between 80° and 146°, PCCI combustion reduces mono-nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions significantly compared to conventional diesel combustion (CDC). Due to incomplete combustion in rich zones formed by droplet–cylinder wall interaction, early wide SIA injection deteriorates combustion efficiency (CE) and Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP) and increases soot and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. Narrow-angle sprays interacting with the piston bowl elevate CE and IMEP and decrease soot and CO emissions but increases NOx emissions. Optimal combustion is achieved by avoiding fuel droplet–cylinder wall interaction. By spray-targeting at the stepped lip of the piston bowl, 100° SIA and −50 °CA ATDC SOI yield, respectively, the highest CE and IMEP: 97.8% and 3.37 bar and the lowest soot and CO emissions: 33.5 and 2.2 ppm, with acceptable NOx emissions.

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          Turbulence Modeling of Internal Combustion Engines Using RNG κ-ε Models

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            Review of high efficiency and clean reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion in internal combustion engines

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              MODELING SPRAY ATOMIZATION WITH THE KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ/RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR HYBRID MODEL

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                (View ORCID Profile)
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                Journal
                ENERGA
                Energies
                Energies
                MDPI AG
                1996-1073
                March 2023
                March 20 2023
                : 16
                : 6
                : 2861
                Article
                10.3390/en16062861
                b18fc923-7d3b-4817-a1da-91a65049c416
                © 2023

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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