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      The Don River mouth area environmental problems at the present stage: Assessment and analytical review

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          Abstract

          The article presents an analytical review of the current ecological state of the mouth area of the Don River, which is conventionally divided into three sections: from the village of Razdorskaya to the top of the delta in the area of Rostov-on-Don, the delta and the Taganrog Bay. Various methods have been used in the literature to assess pollution in the Lower Don. However, a comprehensive review that systematically describes and analyzes all existing contaminants has yet to be conducted. To address this research gap, the authors conduct an analytical review. Particular attention is paid to indicators characterizing the level of organic and biological pollution of river water, the main sources of pollution and their impact on the sanitary, hygienic and epidemiological state of water areas are identified. In 2022-2023, with the participation of the authors, seasonal studies of water were carried out to assess the ecological and sanitary state of the Don and Temernik rivers within the city of Rostov-on-Don based on the use of various microbiological indicators. The set of typical environmental management problems is supplemented by issues related to the reduction of water flow and sediment load of the river. The most vulnerable sectors in this regard are shipping, agriculture and fisheries. The ecological situation in the mouth area of the Don River continues to remain tense, as evidenced by data from hydrochemical and sanitary-bacteriological studies of water, bottom sediments and aquatic organisms.

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          Most cited references9

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          The Bacterial Microflora of Fish, Revised

          B. Austin (2006)
          The results of numerous studies indicate that fish possess bacterial populations on or in their skin, gills, digestive tract, and light-emitting organs. In addition, the internal organs (kidney, liver, and spleen) of healthy fish may contain bacteria, but there is debate about whether or not muscle is actually sterile. Using traditional culture-dependent techniques, the numbers and taxonomic composition of the bacterial populations generally reflect those of the surrounding water. More modern culture-independent approaches have permitted the recognition of previously uncultured bacteria. The role of the organisms includes the ability to degrade complex molecules (therefore exercising a potential benefit in nutrition), to produce vitamins and polymers, and to be responsible for the emission of light by the light-emitting organs of deep-sea fish. Taxa, including Pseudomonas, may contribute to spoilage by the production of histamines in fish tissue.
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            Potential microbial bioinvasions via ships' ballast water, sediment, and biofilm.

            A prominent vector of aquatic invasive species to coastal regions is the discharge of water, sediments, and biofilm from ships' ballast-water tanks. During eight years of studying ships arriving to the lower Chesapeake Bay, we developed an understanding of the mechanisms by which invasive microorganisms might arrive to the region via ships. Within a given ship, habitats included ballast water, unpumpable water and sediment (collectively known as residuals), and biofilms formed on internal surfaces of ballast-water tanks. We sampled 69 vessels arriving from foreign and domestic ports, largely from Western Europe, the Mediterranean region, and the US East and Gulf coasts. All habitats contained bacteria and viruses. By extrapolating the measured concentration of a microbial metric to the estimated volume of ballast water, biofilm, or residual sediment and water within an average vessel, we calculated the potential total number of microorganisms contained by each habitat, thus creating a hierarchy of risk of delivery. The estimated concentration of microorganisms was greatest in ballast water>sediment and water residuals>biofilms. From these results, it is clear microorganisms may be transported within ships in a variety of ways. Using temperature tolerance as a measure of survivability and the temperature difference between ballast-water samples and the water into which the ballast water was discharged, we estimated 56% of microorganisms could survive in the lower Bay. Extrapolated delivery and survival of microorganisms to the Port of Hampton Roads in lower Chesapeake Bay shows on the order of 10(20) microorganisms (6.8 x 10(19) viruses and 3.9 x 10(18) bacteria cells) are discharged annually to the region.
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              Impacts of recreational motorboats on fishes: a review.

              A considerable amount of research has been conducted on the impacts of recreational boating activities on fishes but little or no synthesis of the information has been undertaken. This review shows that motor boats impact on the biology and ecology of fishes but the effects vary according to the species and even particular size classes. Direct hits on fishes by propellers are an obvious impact but this aspect has been poorly documented. Alterations in the wave climate and water turbidity may also influence fishes and their habitats, especially submerged and emergent plant beds. Sound generated by boat motors can also influence the communication and behaviour of certain species. Pollution arising from fuel spillages, exhaust emissions and antifouling paints all have detrimental effects on fishes. Finally, the use of recreational boats as vectors of aquatic invasive organisms is very real and has created major problems to the ecology of aquatic systems. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                BIO Web of Conferences
                BIO Web Conf.
                EDP Sciences
                2117-4458
                2024
                June 18 2024
                2024
                : 113
                : 04017
                Article
                10.1051/bioconf/202411304017
                abbfdee5-5662-46e9-8269-763995997f9f
                © 2024

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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