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      Cold atoms meet lattice gauge theory

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          Abstract

          The central idea of this review is to consider quantum field theory models relevant for particle physics and replace the fermionic matter in these models by a bosonic one. This is mostly motivated by the fact that bosons are more ‘accessible’ and easier to manipulate for experimentalists, but this ‘substitution’ also leads to new physics and novel phenomena. It allows us to gain new information about among other things confinement and the dynamics of the deconfinement transition. We will thus consider bosons in dynamical lattices corresponding to the bosonic Schwinger or Z2 Bose–Hubbard models. Another central idea of this review concerns atomic simulators of paradigmatic models of particle physics theory such as the Creutz–Hubbard ladder, or Gross–Neveu–Wilson and Wilson–Hubbard models. This article is not a general review of the rapidly growing field—it reviews activities related to quantum simulations for lattice field theories performed by the Quantum Optics Theory group at ICFO and their collaborators from 19 institutions all over the world. Finally, we will briefly describe our efforts to design experimentally friendly simulators of these and other models relevant for particle physics.

          This article is part of the theme issue ‘Quantum technologies in particle physics’.

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          Hamiltonian formulation of Wilson's lattice gauge theories

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            Probing many-body dynamics on a 51-atom quantum simulator

            Controllable, coherent many-body systems can provide insights into the fundamental properties of quantum matter, enable the realization of new quantum phases and could ultimately lead to computational systems that outperform existing computers based on classical approaches. Here we demonstrate a method for creating controlled many-body
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              Dynamical symmetry breaking in asymptotically free field theories

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci
                Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci
                RSTA
                roypta
                Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences
                The Royal Society
                1364-503X
                1471-2962
                February 7, 2022
                December 20, 2021
                December 20, 2021
                : 380
                : 2216 , Theme issue ‘Quantum technologies in particle physics’ compiled and edited by Steven D. Bass and Erez Zohar
                : 20210064
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, , Munich 80799, Germany
                [ 2 ] Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), , München 80799, Germany
                [ 3 ] ICFO—Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, , Castelldefels, Barcelona 08860, Spain
                [ 4 ] Institute for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, DISAT, , Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy
                [ 5 ] Departamento de Física Teorica, Universidad Complutense, , Madrid 28040, Spain
                [ 6 ] Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, , Kraków 30-348, Poland
                [ 7 ] The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), , Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
                [ 8 ] Institute of Spintronics and Quantum Information, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, , Poznań, Poland
                [ 9 ] Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, , Swansea SA28PP, UK
                [ 10 ] Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, , Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
                [ 11 ] Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Universität Heidelberg, , Heidelberg 69120, Germany
                [ 12 ] Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, , Mainz 55128, Germany
                [ 13 ] Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Vilnius University, , Vilnius 10257, Lithuania
                [ 14 ] Departament of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, , 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
                [ 15 ] Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, , Beijing 100048, People’s Republic of China
                [ 16 ] Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Quantum Control, Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-8), , Jülich 52425, Germany
                [ 17 ] Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, , Köln 50937, Germany
                [ 18 ] Instituto de Física Teórica, UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autònoma de Madrid, , Madrid, Spain
                [ 19 ] Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica and Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, , Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain
                [ 20 ] International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), , Trieste 34136, Italy
                [ 21 ] Center for Quantum Physics, University of Innsbruck, , Innsbruck 6020, Austria
                [ 22 ] Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, , Innsbruck 6020, Austria
                [ 23 ] Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
                [ 24 ] ICREA, Passeig Lluis Companys 23, , Barcelona 08010, Spain
                Author notes

                One contribution of 13 to a theme issue ‘ Quantum technologies in particle physics’.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9476-3337
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9023-5257
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2306-7895
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4996-2561
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2451-6776
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5720-7852
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0677-6446
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7409-2978
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8283-1005
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0998-9460
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6993-6569
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0210-7800
                Article
                rsta20210064
                10.1098/rsta.2021.0064
                8685612
                34923836
                a7fa6bbb-3bcc-4370-90b0-826725b2248d
                © 2021 The Authors.

                Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : June 11, 2021
                : August 23, 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: National Science Centre, Poland;
                Award ID: Symfonia Grant No. 2016/20/W/ST4/00314
                Funded by: ERC;
                Award ID: NOQIA
                Funded by: Plan National FIDEUA;
                Award ID: PID2019-106901GB-I00/10.13039 / 501100011033
                Funded by: Marie Skłodowska-Curie;
                Award ID: STRETCH No 101029393
                Funded by: Plan Nacional Generación de Conocimiento;
                Award ID: PGC2018-095862-B-C22
                Funded by: State Research Agency AEI;
                Award ID: CEX2019-000910-S
                Funded by: Caixa Foundation;
                Award ID: LCF/BQ/PR20/11770012
                Funded by: Fundació Privada Cellex;
                Funded by: National Science Centre (Poland);
                Award ID: 2017/25/Z/ST2/03029
                Funded by: Generalitat de Catalunya, http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002809;
                Award ID: AGAUR Grant No. 2017 SGR 1341
                Award ID: CERCA program
                Award ID: QuantumCAT U16-011424
                Award ID: co-funded by ERDF Operational Program of Catalonia
                Funded by: EU Horizon 2020 FET-OPEN OPTOLogic;
                Award ID: 899794
                Funded by: Ramón y Cajal;
                Award ID: RYC-2016-20594
                Funded by: QUANTERA MAQS;
                Award ID: PCI2019-111828-2 / 10.13039/501100011033
                Funded by: State Agency for Research of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation;
                Award ID: CEX2019-000918-M
                Funded by: Fundació Mir-Puig;
                Funded by: STFC Consolidated Grant;
                Award ID: ST/T000813/1
                Categories
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                February 7, 2022

                quantum simulations,lattice gauge theory,ultracold quantum matter

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