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      The use of Vocalizations of the Sambirano Mouse Lemur ( Microcebus sambiranensis) in an Acoustic Survey of Habitat Preference

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          Abstract

          Primate vocalizations convey a variety of information to conspecifics. The acoustic traits of these vocalizations are an effective vocal fingerprint to discriminate between sibling species for taxonomic diagnosis. However, the vocal behavior of nocturnal primates has been poorly studied and there are few studies of their vocal repertoires. We compiled a vocal repertoire for the Endangered Sambirano mouse lemur, Microcebus sambiranensis, an unstudied nocturnal primate of northwestern Madagascar, and compared the acoustic properties of one of their call types to those of M. murinus and M. rufus. We recorded vocalizations from radio-collared individuals using handheld recorders over 3 months. We also conducted an acoustic survey to measure the vocal activity of M. sambiranensis in four forest habitat types at the study site. We identified and classified five vocalization types in M. sambiranensis. The vocal repertoires of the three Microcebus species contain very similar call types but have different acoustic properties, with one loud call type, the whistle, having significantly different acoustic properties between species. Our acoustic survey detected more calls of M. sambiranensis in secondary forest, riparian forest, and forest edge habitats, suggesting that individuals may prefer these habitat types over primary forest. Our results suggest interspecific differences in the vocal repertoire of mouse lemurs, and that these differences can be used to investigate habitat preference via acoustic surveys.

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          Most cited references43

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          Biogeographic evolution of Madagascar's microendemic biota.

          The endemic species richness on Madagascar, relative to landmass area, is unparalleled in the world. Many organisms on the island have restricted geographical ranges. A comprehensive hypothesis explaining the evolution of this microendemism has yet to be developed. Using an analysis of watersheds in the context of Quaternary climatic shifts, we provide a new mechanistic model to explain the process of explosive speciation on the island. River catchments with sources at relatively low elevations were zones of isolation and hence led to the speciation of locally endemic taxa, whereas those at higher elevations were zones of retreat and dispersion and hence contain proportionately lower levels of microendemism. These results provide a framework for biogeographic and phylogeographic studies, as well as a basis for prioritizing conservation actions of the remaining natural forest habitats on the island.
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            Habitat-dependent song divergence in the little greenbul: an analysis of environmental selection pressures on acoustic signals.

            Bird song is a sexual trait important in mate choice and known to be shaped by environmental selection. Here we investigate the ecological factors shaping song variation across a rainforest gradient in central Africa. We show that the little greenbul (Andropadus virens), previously shown to vary morphologically across the gradient in fitness-related characters, also varies with respect to song characteristics. Acoustic features, including minimum and maximum frequency, and delivery rate of song notes showed significant differences between habitats. In contrast, we found dialectal variation independent of habitat in population-typical songtype sequences. This pattern is consistent with ongoing gene flow across habitats and in line with the view that song variation in the order in which songtypes are produced is not dependent on habitat characteristics in the same way physical song characteristics are. Sound transmission characteristics of the two habitats did not vary significantly, but analyses of ambient noise spectra revealed dramatic and consistent habitat-dependent differences. Matching between low ambient noise levels for low frequencies in the rainforest and lower minimal frequencies in greenbul songs in this habitat suggests that part of the song divergence may be driven by habitat-dependent ambient noise patterns. These results suggest that habitat-dependent selection may act simultaneously on traits of ecological importance and those important in prezygotic isolation, leading to an association between morphological and acoustic divergence. Such an association may promote assortative mating and may be a mechanism driving reproductive divergence across ecological gradients.
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              Flexible bat echolocation: the influence of individual, habitat and conspecifics on sonar signal design

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                danhending2@gmail.com
                Journal
                Int J Primatol
                Int. J. Primatol
                International Journal of Primatology
                Springer US (New York )
                0164-0291
                19 July 2017
                19 July 2017
                2017
                : 38
                : 4
                : 732-750
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7603, GRID grid.5337.2, School of Biological Sciences, , The University of Bristol, ; Bristol, BS8 1TH UK
                [2 ]Bristol Zoological Society, Clifton, Bristol, BS8 3HA UK
                Author notes

                Handling Editor: Joanna M. Setchell

                Article
                9977
                10.1007/s10764-017-9977-6
                5550550
                28845070
                a376c3cf-6b68-4c77-9580-73902e9fdbf3
                © The Author(s) 2017

                Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

                History
                : 23 May 2017
                : 4 June 2017
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004630, Mohammed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund;
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100007463, Rufford Foundation;
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100003282, Primate Conservation;
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100007142, Idea Wild;
                Funded by: AEECL
                Categories
                Article
                Custom metadata
                © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2017

                Animal science & Zoology
                acoustic survey,habitat,microcebus sambiranensis,mouse lemurs,vocalization,vocal repertoire

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