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      Descripción de los cubículos utilizados en granjas lecheras en el sur de Chile y su relación con el confort de las vacas Translated title: Free stall design and dimensions on dairy farms in southern Chile, and its relationship with cow comfort

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          Abstract

          Cubículos no adecuados reducen el tiempo de reposo y son un riesgo de cojeras para la vaca. En Chile existe poca información respecto a las dimensiones y camas de los cubículos. El propósito del estudio fue determinar las características de cubículos y camas usadas en lecherías del sur de Chile. Se visitaron 50 lecherías con más de 100 vacas en lactancia. Se registraron las dimensiones y tipo de cama de 1068 (10%) de los cubículos disponibles. Los antecedentes fueron introducidos en una planilla EXCEL y se analizaron utilizando estadística descriptiva; los resultados se presentan como cuadros en base a porcentajes, promedios, rangos y medianas. El 84% (42) de las lecherías evaluadas estabulaban cinco meses durante el invierno. Un 45,5% (29) tenían más de un cubículo/vaca y un 34% (15) menos de un cubículo/vaca. La combinación cubículo/cama más usada fue cubículo de metal con colchón relleno con caucho/paja o cama de tierra y cubículo de madera/cama de tierra. Más del 70% de los cubículos tuvo dimensiones bajo el valor referencial, para: largo del cubículo, alto al riel del cuello, alto al riel divisorio superior y distancia del muro al riel del cuello. Un 45% tuvo valores inferiores a los recomendados para el riel divisorio inferior. La altura de la solera y del posicionador del pecho, fueron excesivas en más de un 20 % de los cubículos. Las lecherías utilizaban principalmente estabulación nocturna en invierno y comienzo de primavera. Los cubículos más utilizados eran metálicos, modelo norteamericano. Sus dimensiones, así como las camas, no cumplían las recomendaciones de la literatura.

          Translated abstract

          Uncomfortable stalls and beds reduce the time that cows spend resting and are a risk factor for lameness. In Chile there is little information about the dimensions and bed stalls used for dairy cows. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of stalls and beds used for dairy cows in southern Chile. Fifty dairy farms with more than 100 lactating dairy cows were visited. Dimensions and bedding of 1,068 (10%) of all cubicles available, was recorded. Records were entered into an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results are presented as percentages, means, ranges and medians. An 84% (42) of the farms housed their cows for five months during winter; an 45.5% (29) of them had more than one stall/cow and 34% (15) had less than one stall/cow. The most frequently used stall-bedding combination was metal stall with mattresses filled with rubber or soil bedding, and wooden stall/soil bedding. More than 70% of cubicles were below the reference values for length of the stall, height of neck rail, height to upper stall division and distance from the wall to neck rail; 45% of stalls had values below the recommended guidelines for the lower stall division. Height of the curb and brisket board exceeded the recommendations in more than 20% of stalls. Dairy farms used mainly night confinement in winter and early spring months. Stalls most commonly used were metallic, North American model. Their dimensions and bedding do not comply with the recommendations of the literature.

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          Most cited references28

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          The influence of the environment on dairy cow behavior, claw health and herd lameness dynamics.

          Free stall housing increases the exposure of dairy cows' claws to concrete walk-ways and to manure between periods of rest, and generally shows the highest rate of lameness compared with other dairy management systems. However, there is great variation within a system, and the rate of new cases of lameness can be reduced to very low levels provided time spent resting per day is maximized through good stall design, access to stalls through stocking density control and comfortable transition cow facilities, limiting the time spent milking, provision of adequate heat abatement, and good leg hygiene. Sand bedded stalls are useful as they also permit lame cows to maintain adequate daily rest. Rubberized alley flooring surfaces benefit the cow by reducing claw wear and trauma compared to concrete, making them ideal for parlor holding areas and long transfer lanes and walk ways. However, caution is required when using rubber floors in pens with uncomfortable stalls due to apparent adverse effects on cow time budgets, which may in turn have a detrimental effect on lameness.
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            Freestall maintenance: effects on lying behavior of dairy cattle.

            In a series of 3 experiments, we documented how sand-bedding depth and distribution changed within freestalls after new bedding was added and the effect of these changes on lying behavior. In experiment 1, we measured changes in bedding depth over a 10-d period at 43 points in 24 freestalls. Change in depth of sand was the greatest the day after new sand was added and decreased over time. Over time, the stall surface became concave, and the deepest part of the stall was at the center. Based on the results of experiment 1, we measured changes in lying behavior when groups of cows had access to freestalls with sand bedding that was 0, 3.5, 5.2, or 6.2 cm at the deepest point, below the curb, while other dimensions remained fixed. We found that daily lying time was 1.15 h shorter in stalls with the lowest levels of bedding compared with stalls filled with bedding. Indeed, for every 1-cm decrease in bedding, cows spent 11 min less time lying down during each 24-h period. In a third experiment, we imposed 4 treatments that reflected the variation in sand depth within stalls: 0, 6.2, 9.9, and 13.7 cm below the curb. Again, lying times reduced with decreasing bedding, such that cows using the stalls with the least amount of bedding (13.7 cm below curb) spent 2.33 h less time per day lying down than when housed with access to freestalls filled with sand (0 cm below curb).
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              Behaviour and leg injuries in dairy cows kept in cubicle systems with straw bedding or soft lying mats

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                amv
                Archivos de medicina veterinaria
                Arch. med. vet.
                Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile (Valdivia, , Chile )
                0301-732X
                2012
                : 44
                : 1
                : 75-80
                Affiliations
                [03] Valdivia orgnameUniversidad Austral de Chile orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias orgdiv2Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria Chile
                [01] Valdivia orgnameUniversidad Austral de Chile Chile
                [02] Valdivia orgnameUniversidad Austral de Chile orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias orgdiv2Instituto de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias Chile ntadich@ 123456uach.cl
                Article
                S0301-732X2012000100011 S0301-732X(12)04400111
                a16cda32-b203-44da-a477-9f76004c59d0

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                COMUNICACIONES

                confort vacas,free stalls,cow comfort,welfare,cubículos,bienestar

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