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      Increased extracellular dopamine in nucleus accumbens in response to unconditioned and conditioned aversive stimuli: studies using 1 min microdialysis in rats.

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      Journal of neuroscience methods
      Elsevier BV

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          Abstract

          Previous microdialysis studies measuring extracellular dopamine levels in response to unconditioned and conditioned aversive stimuli have used relatively long (e.g. 10 min) sample durations, such that more than one stimulus event occurred within a single dialysis sample. The present study used 1 min dialysate sampling to measure changes in dopamine levels in response to individual stimulus presentations. The changes evoked by mild footshock showed an initial enhancement from the first to the second presentation, after which there was a steady decline in the response over subsequent presentations. Compared to the responses to footshock alone, when the footshock was paired with an unfamiliar tone, there was no change in the response to the first stimulus presentation, but a significant augmentation of responses during subsequent presentations, giving weight to the view that dopamine is not involved in the learning per se, but rather in the processing of learned information. Whilst an unfamiliar tone had no measurable effect on extracellular dopamine levels, the same tone which had previously been paired with footshock evoked a significant increase in dopamine during the tone presentation, indicating that it is the aversive nature of the stimulus onset rather than the 'rewarding' nature of its offset which increases extracellular dopamine.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          J Neurosci Methods
          Journal of neuroscience methods
          Elsevier BV
          0165-0270
          0165-0270
          Sep 30 2004
          : 138
          : 1-2
          Affiliations
          [1 ] School of Psychology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE2 4SZ, UK.
          Article
          S0165027004001128
          10.1016/j.jneumeth.2004.03.003
          15325112
          9d86468f-e7ef-4cfe-b0c4-9008686e088c
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