RESUMO O artigo analisa a educação dos índios no período pombalino, com ênfase na experiência do atual estado do Rio Grande Sul. Baseado fundamentalmente em fontes primárias, discute as diferentes escalas de recepção das leis promulgadas pela Coroa portuguesa, abarcando as intenções da corte, a mediação dos vice-reis a partir do Rio de Janeiro e o poder local exercido pelas câmaras. Inclui ainda as experiências indígenas que foram potencializadas ou obstruídas de acordo com as vontades políticas vigentes. Através da análise das instituições de ensino criadas para tal fim, assim como de fragmentos de trajetórias pessoais de índios que foram enviados ao Rio de Janeiro para aprofundarem seus estudos, demonstra-se como a educação dos nativos fazia parte de um projeto colonial em constante disputa e transformação.
ABSTRACT The article analyzes the education of Native peoples during the Pombaline period, focusing on the case of Rio Grande Sul, in the south of Brazil. Based mainly on primary sources, it addresses the different reception levels of laws enacted by the Portuguese Crown. These levels include the court's intentions, the mediation of the viceroys based in Rio de Janeiro, and the local power performed by the city councils. It also covers indigenous experiences that have been enhanced or obstructed according to the policies in force. Through the analysis of educational institutions created for this purpose, as well as fragments of personal trajectories of Indians who were sent to Rio de Janeiro to deepen their studies, the article demonstrates how the education of the Natives was part of a colonial project in constant dispute and transformation.
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