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      Archive Assisted Archival Fixity Verification Framework

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          Abstract

          The number of public and private web archives has increased, and we implicitly trust content delivered by these archives. Fixity is checked to ensure an archived resource has remained unaltered since the time it was captured. Some web archives do not allow users to access fixity information and, more importantly, even if fixity information is available, it is provided by the same archive from which the archived resources are requested. In this research, we propose two approaches, namely Atomic and Block, to establish and check fixity of archived resources. In the Atomic approach, the fixity information of each archived web page is stored in a JSON file (or a manifest), and published in a well-known web location (an Archival Fixity server) before it is disseminated to several on-demand web archives. In the Block approach, we first batch together fixity information of multiple archived pages in a single binary-searchable file (or a block) before it is published and disseminated to archives. In both approaches, the fixity information is not obtained directly from archives. Instead, we compute the fixity information (e.g., hash values) based on the playback of archived resources. One advantage of the Atomic approach is the ability to verify fixity of archived pages even with the absence of the Archival Fixity server. The Block approach requires pushing fewer resources into archives, and it performs fixity verification faster than the Atomic approach. On average, it takes about 1.25X, 4X, and 36X longer to disseminate a manifest to perma.cc, archive.org, and webcitation.org, respectively, than archive.is, while it takes 3.5X longer to disseminate a block to archive.org than perma.cc. The Block approach performs 4.46X faster than the Atomic approach on verifying the fixity of archived pages.

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          Going, Going, Still There: Using the WebCite Service to Permanently Archive Cited Web Pages

          Scholars are increasingly citing electronic “web references” which are not preserved in libraries or full text archives. WebCite is a new standard for citing web references. To “webcite” a document involves archiving the cited Web page through www.webcitation.org and citing the WebCite permalink instead of (or in addition to) the unstable live Web page. This journal has amended its “instructions for authors” accordingly, asking authors to archive cited Web pages before submitting a manuscript. Almost 200 other journals are already using the system. We discuss the rationale for WebCite, its technology, and how scholars, editors, and publishers can benefit from the service. Citing scholars initiate an archiving process of all cited Web references, ideally before they submit a manuscript. Authors of online documents and websites which are expected to be cited by others can ensure that their work is permanently available by creating an archived copy using WebCite and providing the citation information including the WebCite link on their Web document(s). Editors should ask their authors to cache all cited Web addresses (Uniform Resource Locators, or URLs) “prospectively” before submitting their manuscripts to their journal. Editors and publishers should also instruct their copyeditors to cache cited Web material if the author has not done so already. Finally, WebCite can process publisher submitted “citing articles” (submitted for example as eXtensible Markup Language [XML] documents) to automatically archive all cited Web pages shortly before or on publication. Finally, WebCite can act as a focussed crawler, caching retrospectively references of already published articles. Copyright issues are addressed by honouring respective Internet standards (robot exclusion files, no-cache and no-archive tags). Long-term preservation is ensured by agreements with libraries and digital preservation organizations. The resulting WebCite Index may also have applications for research assessment exercises, being able to measure the impact of Web services and published Web documents through access and Web citation metrics.
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            The evolution of web archiving

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              Perma: Scoping and Addressing the Problem of Link and Reference Rot in Legal Citations

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                29 May 2019
                Article
                1905.12565
                8677ae61-d138-4912-bc3b-f1e63faca232

                http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

                History
                Custom metadata
                16 pages
                cs.DL

                Information & Library science
                Information & Library science

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