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      Novel aerial observations of a possible newborn white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) in Southern California

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      Environmental Biology of Fishes
      Springer Science and Business Media LLC

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          Abstract

          The white shark ( Carcharodon carcharias) is the largest macropredatory fish in the world. Yet, there remains a paucity of data on the early life history and reproduction of this iconic shark. Here, we present aerial observations of an individual white shark that appears to be sloughing a white film from its body. We propose two possibilities for the possession of the white film: (1) this is a newly born white shark with intrauterine substances still adhered to its body, or (2) this white shark has an unknown skin disorder resulting in shedding, discharge, or possibly a microbial growth over the dermal layer. We discuss the possibility that this individual is a newborn and its implications for the Southern California region as a critical birthing location.

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          The Drone Revolution of Shark Science: A Review

          Over the past decade, drones have become a popular tool for wildlife management and research. Drones have shown significant value for animals that were often difficult or dangerous to study using traditional survey methods. In the past five years drone technology has become commonplace for shark research with their use above, and more recently, below the water helping to minimise knowledge gaps about these cryptic species. Drones have enhanced our understanding of shark behaviour and are critically important tools, not only due to the importance and conservation of the animals in the ecosystem, but to also help minimise dangerous encounters with humans. To provide some guidance for their future use in relation to sharks, this review provides an overview of how drones are currently used with critical context for shark monitoring. We show how drones have been used to fill knowledge gaps around fundamental shark behaviours or movements, social interactions, and predation across multiple species and scenarios. We further detail the advancement in technology across sensors, automation, and artificial intelligence that are improving our abilities in data collection and analysis and opening opportunities for shark-related beach safety. An investigation of the shark-based research potential for underwater drones (ROV/AUV) is also provided. Finally, this review provides baseline observations that have been pioneered for shark research and recommendations for how drones might be used to enhance our knowledge in the future.
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            Observations on a Pregnant White Shark with a Review of Reproductive Biology

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              Future Research Directions on the “Elusive” White Shark

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                (View ORCID Profile)
                Journal
                Environmental Biology of Fishes
                Environ Biol Fish
                Springer Science and Business Media LLC
                0378-1909
                1573-5133
                January 29 2024
                Article
                10.1007/s10641-024-01512-7
                83df1525-3b7a-4e91-b9f0-b30ca9944c82
                © 2024

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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