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      Water harvesting through fog collectors: a review of conceptual, experimental and operational aspects

      Author(s): ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies
      Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

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          Abstract

          In water-scarce regions where fog is abundant, the population can rely on this resource to obtain fresh water. The potential to harvest fog is confirmed by Large Fog Collector projects worldwide, which are reviewed. Mostly maintenance issues due to environmental and complex social factors compromise the sustainability of such projects. The researchers endeavour to resolve these issues by developing enhanced materials, while others use biomimetic design, hence creating innovative collectors. The objective of this paper is to survey and review the state of the art and develop a framework of different types of innovative fog collectors, including conceptual, experimental and operational aspects.

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          Future global urban water scarcity and potential solutions

          Chunyang He, Zhifeng Liu, Jianguo Wu … (2021)
          Urbanization and climate change are together exacerbating water scarcity—where water demand exceeds availability—for the world’s cities. We quantify global urban water scarcity in 2016 and 2050 under four socioeconomic and climate change scenarios, and explored potential solutions. Here we show the global urban population facing water scarcity is projected to increase from 933 million (one third of global urban population) in 2016 to 1.693–2.373 billion people (one third to nearly half of global urban population) in 2050, with India projected to be most severely affected in terms of growth in water-scarce urban population (increase of 153–422 million people). The number of large cities exposed to water scarcity is projected to increase from 193 to 193–284, including 10–20 megacities. More than two thirds of water-scarce cities can relieve water scarcity by infrastructure investment, but the potentially significant environmental trade-offs associated with large-scale water scarcity solutions must be guarded against. This paper quantifies global urban water scarcity in 2016 and 2050 and explores potential solutions. One third to nearly half of the global urban population is projected to face water scarcity problems.
          Article 0 comments Cited 150 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Optimal design of permeable fiber network structures for fog harvesting.

            Kyoo-Chul Park, Shreerang S Chhatre, Siddarth Srinivasan … (2013)
            Fog represents a large untapped source of potable water, especially in arid climates. Numerous plants and animals use textural and chemical features on their surfaces to harvest this precious resource. In this work, we investigate the influence of the surface wettability characteristics, length scale, and weave density on the fog-harvesting capability of woven meshes. We develop a combined hydrodynamic and surface wettability model to predict the overall fog-collection efficiency of the meshes and cast the findings in the form of a design chart. Two limiting surface wettability constraints govern the re-entrainment of collected droplets and clogging of mesh openings. Appropriate tuning of the wetting characteristics of the surfaces, reducing the wire radii, and optimizing the wire spacing all lead to more efficient fog collection. We use a family of coated meshes with a directed stream of fog droplets to simulate a natural foggy environment and demonstrate a five-fold enhancement in the fog-collecting efficiency of a conventional polyolefin mesh. The design rules developed in this work can be applied to select a mesh surface with optimal topography and wetting characteristics to harvest enhanced water fluxes over a wide range of natural convected fog environments.
            Article 0 comments Cited 118 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Is physical water scarcity a new phenomenon? Global assessment of water shortage over the last two millennia

              Matti Kummu, Philip J. Ward, Hans de Moel … (2010)
              Article 0 comments Cited 109 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Nathalie Verbrugghe: (View ORCID Profile)
                Journal
                Title: International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies
                Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
                ISSN (Electronic): 1748-1325
                Publication date Created: 2023
                Publication date Created: February 04 2023
                Publication date Other: 2023
                Publication date (Print): February 04 2023
                Publication date (Electronic): March 28 2023
                Volume: 18
                Pages: 392-403
                Article
                DOI: 10.1093/ijlct/ctac129
                SO-VID: 82e1d68c-e2db-408c-8491-c64c0fee33ac
                Copyright © © 2023
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                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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