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      Themes and variations in gene regulation by extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors

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      Current opinion in microbiology

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          Abstract

          The ECF sigma family was identified 23 years ago as a distinct group of σ 70-like factors. ECF sigma factors have since emerged as a major form of bacterial signal transduction that can be grouped into over 50 phylogenetically distinct subfamilies. Advances in our understanding of these sigma factors and the signaling pathways governing their activity have elucidated conserved features as well as aspects that have evolved over time. All ECF sigma factors are predicted to share a common streamlined domain structure and mode of promoter interaction. The activity of most ECF sigma factors is controlled by an anti-sigma factor. The nature of the anti-sigma factor and the activating signaling pathways appear to be conserved within ECF families, while considerable diversity exists between different families.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          9815056
          21196
          Curr Opin Microbiol
          Curr. Opin. Microbiol.
          Current opinion in microbiology
          1369-5274
          1879-0364
          5 June 2017
          30 May 2017
          April 2017
          30 May 2018
          : 36
          : 128-137
          Affiliations
          Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 408 Althouse Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
          Author notes
          Corresponding author: Ades, Sarah E ( sea10@ 123456psu.edu )
          Article
          PMC5534382 PMC5534382 5534382 nihpa880747
          10.1016/j.mib.2017.05.004
          5534382
          28575802
          8278befa-a9cc-43fe-bf64-0ae3d4ee3251
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