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      Misshandlungs- und Vernachlässigungserfahrungen in der Kindheit: Ein Risikofaktor für die soziale Teilhabe ehemals außerfamiliär platzierter junger Erwachsener : Ergebnisse der schweizweiten Kohortenstudie „Jugendhilfeverläufe: Aus Erfahrung Lernen (JAEL)“

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          Abstract

          Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Eine Reihe von Studien zeigen soziale Folgen von Misshandlung und Vernachlässigung in der Kindheit im weiteren Lebenslauf. Fragestellung: Diese Studie zielt darauf ab, die langfristigen Auswirkungen von Misshandlungs- und Vernachlässigungserfahrungen auf die soziale Teilhabe in einer Stichprobe von ehemals fremdplatzierten jungen Erwachsenen in der Schweiz zu untersuchen. Methode: Im Rahmen der Studie wurden 218 ehemals fremdplatzierte junge Erwachsene ( M Alter=26.1, 32.6 % weiblich) mit einer psychometrischen Testbatterie befragt. Dabei wurden Misshandlungserfahrungen in der Kindheit erfasst sowie die soziale Teilhabe bezüglich psychischer Gesundheit, Legalbewährung, sozio-ökonomische Lage und Beziehungen untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse zeigen die hohe Prävalenz und negativen Folgen von kumulierten Misshandlungserfahrungen bei ehemals fremdplatzierten jungen Menschen. Eine höhere Anzahl von Misshandlungserfahrungen ging mit signifikant mehr Problemen in gesundheitlichen, finanziellen und sozialen Lebensbereichen einher. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Die gravierenden Folgen von Misshandlungserfahrungen in der Kindheit unterstreichen die Bedeutung der Prävention und frühzeitigen Intervention. Sie zeigen aber auch, dass viele schwer betroffene junge Menschen neben therapeutischen auch konkrete und lebensweltorientierte Hilfen benötigen, um ihre Entwicklungsaufgaben adäquat zu bewältigen und erfolgreich an der Gesellschaft teilzuhaben.

          Childhood Abuse and Neglect a Risk Factor for Social Participation of Young Adults With Previous Out-of-Home Care Placements. Results of the Swiss-Wide Cohort Study “Youth Welfare Trajectories: Learning From Experience”

          Abstract. Theoretical Background: An increasing number of studies show the serious social consequences of abuse and neglect over the life-course. International findings, especially from the USA, are often difficult to transfer to the Central European social structures and legal systems. Therefore, this study examines the long-term effects of abuse and neglect on social participation in a sample of formerly out-of-home placed young adults. Objective: In this study, we address the following questions: What is the prevalence of childhood maltreatment among formerly out-of-home placed young adults? Is the degree of abuse and neglect associated with social participation? Does childhood maltreatment relate specifically to participation in the areas of health, legal probation, finances, and social domains? Is the expectation of self-efficacy a protective factor? Method: This study comprehensively assessed 218 young adults with out-of-home placement histories (32.6 % female) with a mean age of 26 years using a psychometric test battery. It assessed childhood maltreatment experiences as well as social participation in terms of mental health, legal probation, socioeconomic status, and social relationships. In addition, the study measured participants’ expectations of self-efficacy. Results: The findings demonstrate the high prevalence and negative consequences of cumulative maltreatment experiences, including both abuse and neglect, among young adults who had previously had out-of-home placements. Higher numbers of type of maltreatment were associated with significantly more problems in the domains of health, financial affairs, and social life. Abuse appears to be more strongly associated with health outcomes. Neglect is more strongly related to financial and social consequences. The highest risk for low social participation is shown by those who have experienced both inflicted suffering (abuse) and lack of support (neglect). Expectations of self-efficacy decrease these associations and provide an opportunity for intervention. Discussion and Conclusion: The consequences of childhood maltreatment for social integration and participation underscore the importance of prevention and early treatment to prevent long-term sequelae. However, they also show that many severely affected young people need not only therapeutic, but also concrete and practical help to adequately cope with their developmental tasks and to successfully participate in society. A targeted promotion of resilience and expectations of self-efficacy of young people offers a possible starting point for pedagogical concepts.

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          The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support

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            Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire

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              Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries.

              Child maltreatment remains a major public-health and social-welfare problem in high-income countries. Every year, about 4-16% of children are physically abused and one in ten is neglected or psychologically abused. During childhood, between 5% and 10% of girls and up to 5% of boys are exposed to penetrative sexual abuse, and up to three times this number are exposed to any type of sexual abuse. However, official rates for substantiated child maltreatment indicate less than a tenth of this burden. Exposure to multiple types and repeated episodes of maltreatment is associated with increased risks of severe maltreatment and psychological consequences. Child maltreatment substantially contributes to child mortality and morbidity and has longlasting effects on mental health, drug and alcohol misuse (especially in girls), risky sexual behaviour, obesity, and criminal behaviour, which persist into adulthood. Neglect is at least as damaging as physical or sexual abuse in the long term but has received the least scientific and public attention. The high burden and serious and long-term consequences of child maltreatment warrant increased investment in preventive and therapeutic strategies from early childhood.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                kie
                Kindheit und Entwicklung
                Hogrefe Verlag, Göttingen
                0942-5403
                2190-6246
                January 2022
                : 31
                : 1 , Special Issue: Was wird aus Care Leavern? Ergebnisse einer Längsschnittstudie
                : 22-39
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]Forschungsabteilung der Klinik für Kinder und Jugendliche, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel
                [ 2 ]Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie/Psychotherapie, Universitäre Kliniken Ulm, Universität Ulm
                Author notes
                PD Dr. Marc Schmid, Klinik für Kinder und Jugendliche, Universitären Psychiatrischen Kliniken Basel, Universität Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Str. 27, 4002 Basel, Schweiz, marc.schmid@ 123456upk.ch
                Article
                kie_31_1_22
                10.1026/0942-5403/a000366
                81993a27-5eac-4e19-bd4d-3726155203b9
                Distributed as a Hogrefe OpenMind article under the license CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

                Distributed as a Hogrefe OpenMind article under the license CC BY 4.0 ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

                History
                Funding
                Förderung: Die Längsschnittstudie „Jugendhilfeverläufe: Aus Erfahrung Lernen (JAEL)“ sowie der „Modellversuch zur Abklärung und Zielerreichung in stationären Massnahmen (MAZ.)“ wurden vom Schweizerischen Bundesamt für Justiz in Bern im Rahmen der vergebenen Modellversuche gefördert.
                Categories
                Studie

                Psychology,Family & Child studies,Development studies,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                child welfare education,stationäre Jugendhilfe,care leaver,trauma pedagogy,inpatient youth care,Traumapädagogik,participation impairment,Vernachlässigung und Misshandlung im Kindesalter,„Heimerziehung“,Teilhabebeeinträchtigung,child neglect and abuse,Care Leaver

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