Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Eine Reihe von Studien zeigen soziale Folgen von Misshandlung und Vernachlässigung in der Kindheit im weiteren Lebenslauf. Fragestellung: Diese Studie zielt darauf ab, die langfristigen Auswirkungen von Misshandlungs- und Vernachlässigungserfahrungen auf die soziale Teilhabe in einer Stichprobe von ehemals fremdplatzierten jungen Erwachsenen in der Schweiz zu untersuchen. Methode: Im Rahmen der Studie wurden 218 ehemals fremdplatzierte junge Erwachsene ( M Alter=26.1, 32.6 % weiblich) mit einer psychometrischen Testbatterie befragt. Dabei wurden Misshandlungserfahrungen in der Kindheit erfasst sowie die soziale Teilhabe bezüglich psychischer Gesundheit, Legalbewährung, sozio-ökonomische Lage und Beziehungen untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse zeigen die hohe Prävalenz und negativen Folgen von kumulierten Misshandlungserfahrungen bei ehemals fremdplatzierten jungen Menschen. Eine höhere Anzahl von Misshandlungserfahrungen ging mit signifikant mehr Problemen in gesundheitlichen, finanziellen und sozialen Lebensbereichen einher. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Die gravierenden Folgen von Misshandlungserfahrungen in der Kindheit unterstreichen die Bedeutung der Prävention und frühzeitigen Intervention. Sie zeigen aber auch, dass viele schwer betroffene junge Menschen neben therapeutischen auch konkrete und lebensweltorientierte Hilfen benötigen, um ihre Entwicklungsaufgaben adäquat zu bewältigen und erfolgreich an der Gesellschaft teilzuhaben.
Abstract. Theoretical Background: An increasing number of studies show the serious social consequences of abuse and neglect over the life-course. International findings, especially from the USA, are often difficult to transfer to the Central European social structures and legal systems. Therefore, this study examines the long-term effects of abuse and neglect on social participation in a sample of formerly out-of-home placed young adults. Objective: In this study, we address the following questions: What is the prevalence of childhood maltreatment among formerly out-of-home placed young adults? Is the degree of abuse and neglect associated with social participation? Does childhood maltreatment relate specifically to participation in the areas of health, legal probation, finances, and social domains? Is the expectation of self-efficacy a protective factor? Method: This study comprehensively assessed 218 young adults with out-of-home placement histories (32.6 % female) with a mean age of 26 years using a psychometric test battery. It assessed childhood maltreatment experiences as well as social participation in terms of mental health, legal probation, socioeconomic status, and social relationships. In addition, the study measured participants’ expectations of self-efficacy. Results: The findings demonstrate the high prevalence and negative consequences of cumulative maltreatment experiences, including both abuse and neglect, among young adults who had previously had out-of-home placements. Higher numbers of type of maltreatment were associated with significantly more problems in the domains of health, financial affairs, and social life. Abuse appears to be more strongly associated with health outcomes. Neglect is more strongly related to financial and social consequences. The highest risk for low social participation is shown by those who have experienced both inflicted suffering (abuse) and lack of support (neglect). Expectations of self-efficacy decrease these associations and provide an opportunity for intervention. Discussion and Conclusion: The consequences of childhood maltreatment for social integration and participation underscore the importance of prevention and early treatment to prevent long-term sequelae. However, they also show that many severely affected young people need not only therapeutic, but also concrete and practical help to adequately cope with their developmental tasks and to successfully participate in society. A targeted promotion of resilience and expectations of self-efficacy of young people offers a possible starting point for pedagogical concepts.
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