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      Morphogenetic characterization of Colletotrichum sublineolum strains, causal agent of anthracnose of Sorghum Translated title: Caracterização morfogenética de linhagens de Colletotrichum sublineolum, agente causal da antracnose do sorgo

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          Abstract

          Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum sublineolum, has been one of the most destructive diseases affecting sorghum crops in Brazil. This study aimed to characterize wild and mutant strains through morphological and cultural characteristics, conidiation, and mating-type. A high variability was observed among strains when evaluated through radial growth and type of conidia produced. Spontaneous release of sectors by some strains was also observed, confirming the high genetic instability of this pathogen. Mating type genes amplified through PCRs using the primers, SKCM1, NcHMG and HGMgram demonstrated that both idiomorphs are present in this species. All the strains analyzed were self-sterile. It was not possible to correlate the auxotrophic mutant phenotype with the morphological characteristics evaluated.

          Translated abstract

          A antracnose, causada por Colletotrichum sublineolum tem sido uma das mais destrutivas doenças que afetam a cultura do sorgo no Brasil. Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar linhagens selvagens e mutantes em relação à morfologia, produção de conídios e mating type. Uma alta variabilidade entre as linhagens foi observada em relação ao crescimento radial e produção de conídios ovais e falcados. Setores foram liberados espontaneamente por algumas linhagens, o que confirma a alta instabilidade genética deste patógeno. Genes ligados a característica mating type foram amplificados por PCRs utilizando os primers SKCM1, NcHMG e HGMgram, demonstrando que ambos os idiomorfos estão presentes nesta espécie. Todas as linhagens estudadas foram auto-estéreis. Não foi possível detectar correlação entre o fenótipo auxotrófico mutante e as características morfológicas avaliadas.

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          Most cited references21

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          Proposed nomenclature for mating type genes of filamentous ascomycetes.

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            Mating systems in ascomycetes: a romp in the sac.

            The ascomycetous fungi choose between sexual and asexual reproduction; it is only when appropriately stressed that most resort to sexual development. Many of the proteins known to regulate development in animals (homeodomain proteins, HMG-box proteins) are also central to the control of sexual differentiation in the ascomycetes. Most ascomycete mating-type loci are structurally complex idiomorphs (large regions of nonhomologous DNA), in that they encode multiple products of probable independent evolutionary origin. The products of the mating-type genes are the master regulators of sexual development; we are just beginning our search for factors involved in the signal transduction pathway downstream from these master regulators.
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              Mating types and sexual development in filamentous ascomycetes.

              The progress made in the molecular characterization of the mating types in several filamentous ascomycetes has allowed us to better understand their role in sexual development and has brought to light interesting biological problems. The mating types of Neurospora crassa, Podospora anserina, and Cochliobolus heterostrophus consist of unrelated and unique sequences containing one or several genes with multiple functions, related to sexuality or not, such as vegetative incompatibility in N. crassa. The presence of putative DNA binding domains in the proteins encoded by the mating-type (mat) genes suggests that they may be transcriptional factors. The mat genes play a role in cell-cell recognition at fertilization, probably by activating the genes responsible for the hormonal signal whose occurrence was previously demonstrated by physiological experiments. They also control recognition between nuclei at a later stage, when reproductive nuclei of each mating type which have divided in the common cytoplasm pair within the ascogenous hyphae. How self is distinguished from nonself at the nuclear level is not known. The finding that homothallic species, able to mate in the absence of a partner, contain both mating types in the same haploid genome has raised more issues than it has resolved. The instability of the mating type, in particular in Sclerotinia trifolorium and Botrytinia fuckeliana, is also unexplained. This diversity of mating systems, still more apparent if the yeasts and the basidiomycetes are taken into account, clearly shows that no single species can serve as a universal mating-type model.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                tpp
                Tropical Plant Pathology
                Trop. plant pathol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Fitopatologia (Brasília )
                1983-2052
                June 2009
                : 34
                : 3
                : 146-151
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Estadual de Londrina Brazil
                Article
                S1982-56762009000300002
                10.1590/S1982-56762009000300002
                7c2a67bb-f2ef-451b-88e1-5433b6a10550

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1982-5676&lng=en
                Categories
                PLANT SCIENCES

                Plant science & Botany
                conidial dimorphism,sexual cycle,mating type,dimorfismo conidial,ciclo sexual

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