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      Expressed Emotion, Mutter-Kind-Beziehung und ADHS-Symptome im Vorschulalter : Eine Studie zur Validität des deutschsprachigen Preschool Five Minute Speech Sample

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          Abstract

          Zusammenfassung. Störungen der Eltern-Kind-Beziehung wie Feindseligkeit, geringe Wärme und mangelnde Responsivität/Feinfühligkeit der Bezugspersonen gehen oftmals mit externalisierenden Störungen des Kindes und einem ungünstigen Entwicklungsverlauf einher. Das Preschool Five Minute Speech Sample (PFMSS) wurde zur ökonomischen Messung von Aspekten einer gestörten Eltern-Kind-Beziehung speziell im Vorschulalter entwickelt. Wir untersuchen Validitätsaspekte der deutschsprachigen Version des PFMSS und gehen der Frage nach, ob die Skalen dieser Version mit einer Verhaltensbeobachtung elterlicher Feinfühligkeit, mit Symptomen der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS), oppositionellen Symptomen sowie mütterlicher Depressivität assoziiert sind. Die Stichprobe besteht aus n = 114 Familien mit 4 bis 5-jährigen Kindern; davon n = 65 (57 %) mit erhöhter ADHS-Symptomatik. Die Rekrutierung erfolgte über Kindergärten/-tagesstätten nach einem Fragebogen-Screening. Mütterliche Feinfühligkeit wurde in einer Verhaltensbeobachtung der Mutter-Kind-Interaktion während eines Hausbesuchs gemessen. ADHS- und oppositionelle Symptome sowie mütterliche Depressivität wurden durch ein klinisches Interview respektive per Fragebogen erfasst. Die PFMSS-Skalen zeigten überwiegend die erwarteten signifikanten Zusammenhänge mit mütterlicher Feinfühligkeit, ADHS- und oppositionellen Symptomen des Kindes. Mit dem deutschsprachigen PFMSS liegt somit eine ökonomische und valide Methode zur Erfassung von Störungen der Eltern-Kind-Beziehung im Kontext externalisierender Verhaltensauffälligkeiten im Vorschulalter vor.

          Expressed emotion, mother-child relationship, and ADHD symptoms in preschool – a study on the validity of the German Preschool Five Minute Speech Sample

          Abstract. An inadequate parent-child relationship with hostility, low warmth, and a lack of responsiveness/sensitivity on the part of the primary caregiver often accompanies a child’s externalizing disorders and predicts a negative developmental course. The Preschool Five Minute Speech Sample (PFMSS) was developed to enable an economic assessment of components of an inadequate parent-child relationship. In this article we investigate aspects of the validity of the German version of the PFMSS. We analyze whether the PFMSS scales are associated with observed maternal sensitivity, symptoms of attention deficit-/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and maternal depressive symptoms. The sample consists of n = 114 families with 4- to 5-year-old children, whereof n = 65 (57 %) show heightened ADHD-symptoms. The families were recruited from local kindergardens. Maternal sensitivity was assessed by observing the mother-child interaction at home. ADHD, ODD, and maternal depressive symptoms were measured by clinical interviews and questionnaires. Most of the PFMSS scales showed the expected associations with maternal sensitivity, ADHD, and ODD symptoms of the child. The German PFMSS thus validly captures significant components of an inadequate mother-child relationship within the context of preschool externalizing behavior problems.

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          Most cited references28

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          Prediction of externalizing behavior problems from early to middle childhood: The role of parental socialization and emotion expression

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              Relationship between symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and family functioning: a community-based study.

              This study examined the relationship between family functioning and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in an Australian community-based sample. Children were screened for ADHD in their second year of formal schooling. Two hundred and two (202) primary caregivers completed validated measures of family quality of life (QoL), parent mental health, parenting styles and parental relationship quality. Compared with controls, parents of children screening positive for ADHD reported poorer family QoL in the domains of emotional impact (mean difference [MD] -20.1; 95% CI -38.2 to -1.9, p = 0.03) and impact on family activities (MD -17.2; 95% CI -27.9 to -6.5, p = 0.002), less parental warmth (MD -3.4; 95% CI -6.0 to -0.9, p = 0.01) and higher parental depression (MD 6.8; 95% CI 1.8 to 11.7, p = 0.009) and anxiety (MD 6.2; 95% CI 1.7 to 10.6, p = 0.008) after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and child conduct symptoms. Parents of children screening positive for ADHD reported higher stress (MD 4.5; 95% CI 1.2 to 7.1, p = 0.007) and more inconsistent (MD 3.0; 95% CI 1.2 to 4.8, p = 0.002) and hostile (MD = 2.2; 95% CI 1.0 to 3.4, p = 0.001) parenting after adjusting for socio-demographic factors only. No difference in parental relationship quality and parental inductive reasoning was identified. These findings suggest a strong association between poor family functioning and ADHD symptoms and carry implications for comprehensive ADHD management and the importance of seeing the child within the family context.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                kij
                Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie
                Hogrefe AG, Bern
                1422-4917
                1664-2880
                2015
                : 43
                : 6
                : 425-431
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]Fachbereich Medizin, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Philipps-Universität Marburg
                [ 2 ]Fachbereich Psychologie, AG Kinder- und Jugendpsychologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg
                [ 3 ]Medizinische Fakultät, Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universität zu Köln
                Author notes
                Susan Schloß, Dipl.-Psych., Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Sachs-Straße 6, 35039 Marburg, Deutschland, E-Mail susan.schloss@ 123456staff.uni-marburg.de
                Article
                kij_43_6_425
                10.1024/1422-4917/a000384
                78cd060f-64eb-4f84-8664-f91a73c3fed6
                Copyright @ 2015
                History
                : 25. Februar 2015
                : 19. Juni 2015
                Categories
                Originalarbeit/Original Article

                Pediatrics,Psychology,Family & Child studies,Development studies,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Mutter-Kind-Beziehung,German PFMSS,ADHS,ADHD,mother-child relationship,Vorschulalter,Expressed Emotion,preschool,expressed emotion,deutschsprachiges PFMSS

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