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      Reconstructing the paleoenvironment of Loltún Cave, Yucatán, Mexico, with Pleistocene amphibians and reptiles and their paleobiogeographic implications Translated title: Reconstruyendo el paleoambiente de la cueva Loltún, Yucatán, México, mediante anfibios y reptiles del Pleistoceno y sus implicaciones paleobiogeográficas

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          Abstract

          Abstract Loltún cave in Yucatán peninsula is an important fossil site. The cave preserves Pleistocene fauna and lithic tools, and it is among the few sites with amphibian and reptile fossils of the Mexican Pleistocene. We used the fossil amphibians and reptiles community to reconstruct the paleoclimate and paleoenvironment of Loltún cave in the Late Pleistocene. The Pleistocene amphibian and reptiles community in Loltún cave consists of one frog, three lizards, five snakes and one turtle. Applying the Habitat Weighting method to the fossil herpetofaunal assemblage, we inferred a vegetation mosaic non-analog with the present one, comprising evergreen seasonal forest, tropical deciduous forest and scrub forest, in contrast to the tropical semi-deciduous forest found nowadays around Loltún cave. Using the Mutual Climatic Range (MCR) method we inferred a mean annual temperature of 25.33 °C and a mean annual precipitation of 1183.74 mm; the temperature was 1.47 °C lower and the MAP was 85.14 mm higher than the present climate condition. Is the first time that a paleoclimatic reconstruction using amphibians and reptiles in a tropical region is made using the MCR method. Our results are in concordance with other paleoclimatic inferences using fossil pollen as a proxy, extending the use of the MCR method to different climatic regions. We found a range shift of the iguanid Ctenosaura subgenus Loganiosaura during the Late Pleistocene, of 446.4 km north of the present distribution, surely given by the climatic and vegetation structure changes in the past.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen En la península de Yucatán, la gruta de Loltún es un sitio importante por la presencia de fauna pleistocénica junto con herramientas líticas. Este es uno de los pocos sitios con fósiles de anfibios y reptiles del Pleistoceno en el sur de México. Se utilizó la comunidad fósil de anfibios y reptiles para reconstruir el paleoambiente y paleoclima de la gruta de Loltún para el Pleistoceno Tardío, debido a que la herpetofauna presenta características importantes para la reconstrucción de ambientes pasados. La comunidad de anfibios y reptiles del Pleistoceno Tardío de la gruta de Loltún consiste en un anuro, tres saurios, cinco serpientes y una tortuga. Por medio de la aplicación del método de Ponderación de Hábitat para la comunidad herpetofaunística fósil, se pudo inferir que existió un mosaico de vegetación, no análogo con el presente, constituido de selva perennifolia, bosque tropical caducifolio y matorral xerófito, en contraposición al bosque tropical subcaducifolio presente en la actualidad. También, se infirió una temperatura promedio anual de 25.33 °C y una precipitación promedio anual de 1,183.74 mm, siendo 1.47 °C inferior y 85.14 mm superior a las condiciones climáticas actuales; para estas estimaciones se usó el método de Intervalo Climático Mutuo (ICM). Es la primera vez que se realiza una reconstrucción paleoclimática utilizando el método de ICM con anfibios y reptiles en una región tropical. Nuestros resultados concuerdan con las inferencias paleoclimáticas realizadas con polen fósil, extendiendo el uso del método ICM a diferentes regiones climáticas. Se infiere un cambio en la distribución de Ctenosaura subgénero Loganiosaura durante el Pleistoceno, 446.4 km más al norte de su distribución actual, lo cual seguramente fue producido por los cambios en la estructura de la vegetación y los cambios climáticos.

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          THE AMPHIBIAN TREE OF LIFE

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            Can Rapid Climatic Change Cause Volcanic Eruptions?

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              Long-term climate record inferred from early-middle Pleistocene amphibian and squamate reptile assemblages at the Gran Dolina Cave, Atapuerca, Spain

              The Gran Dolina cave site is famous for having delivered some of the oldest hominin remains of Western Europe (Homo antecessor, ca. 960 ka). Moreover, the evidence of lithic industries throughout the long vertical section suggests occupation on the part of hominins from the latest early Pleistocene (levels TD3/4, TD5, and TD6) to the late middle Pleistocene (level TD10). The Gran Dolina Sondeo Sur (TDS) has furnished a great number of small-vertebrate remains; among them some 40,000 bones are attributed to amphibians and squamates. Although they do not differ specifically from the extant herpetofauna of the Iberian Peninsula, the overlap of their current distribution areas (= mutual climatic range method) in Spain can provide mean annual temperatures (MAT), the mean temperatures of the coldest (MTC) and warmest (MTW) months, and mean annual precipitation (MAP) estimations for each sub-level, and their change can be studied throughout the sequence. Results from the squamate and amphibian study indicate that during hominin occupation the MAT (10-13 degrees C) was always slightly warmer than at present in the vicinity of the Gran Dolina Cave, and the MAP (800-1000mm) was greater than today in the Burgos area. Climatic differences between "glacial" and "interglacial" phases are poorly marked. Summer temperatures (MTW) show stronger oscillations than winter temperatures (MTC), but seasonality remains almost unchanged throughout the sequence. These results are compared with those for large mammals, small mammals, and pollen analysis, giving a scenario for the palaeoclimatic conditions that occurred during the early to middle Pleistocene in Atapuerca, and hence a scenario for the hominins that once lived in the Sierra de Atapuerca.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rmcg
                Revista mexicana de ciencias geológicas
                Rev. mex. cienc. geol
                Instituto de Geología, UNAM (México, DF, Mexico )
                1026-8774
                2007-2902
                2016
                : 33
                : 3
                : 342-354
                Affiliations
                [3] México orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Instituto de Biología orgdiv2Departamento de Zoología Mexico
                [1] México orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Instituto de Biología orgdiv2Departamento de Zoología Mexico
                [2] México orgnameInstituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia Mexico
                Article
                S1026-87742016000300342 S1026-8774(16)03300300342
                76ce8ab0-17cf-44e4-88e3-37eef6f9d9b1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 April 2016
                : 25 September 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 107, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Articles

                Yucatán peninsula,Pleistocene,reptiles,amphibians,paleoenvironment,Paleoclimate,península de Yucatán,Pleistoceno,anfibios,paleoambiente,Paleoclima

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