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      State of household need for caregivers and determinants of psychological burden among caregivers of older people in Thailand: An analysis from national surveys on older persons

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          Abstract

          Objectives

          To explore the levels and trends of household need for caregivers of older people and to explore the impact of potential determinants of psychological burden among caregivers of older people in Thailand.

          Methods

          The secondary data analysis was performed using the Survey of Older Persons in Thailand 2007, 2011, and 2014 datasets which conducted by the National Statistical Office of Thailand. The household need for caregivers of older persons refers to having at least one older person in the household who needs a caregiver for assistance with activities of daily living. Caregiver mental health, which is confined to the available 2011 data, is defined as a state of psychological burden. Ordinal logistic regression models were used to explore the impact of potential determinants of psychological caregiver burden.

          Results

          The household need for caregivers in Thailand tends to be increasing, from 5.0% in 2007 to 6.6% in 2014. The levels of the household need for caregivers were significantly higher in urban areas, Bangkok, and high socioeconomic households. In terms of psychological caregiver burden, the Thai Mental Health Indicators in 2011 produced, on average, a fair level of mental health, but one-fourth of caregivers had poor mental health. Duration of care for older people, household wealth, and functional dependency significantly predict total caregiver burden. Household characteristics are vital in predicting psychological caregiver burden, and the adjusted effect of the fifth quintile of household wealth was high (odds ratio = 2.34; 95% confidence interval = 1.47–3.73).

          Conclusion

          The increasing need for caregiving in households with an older person can lead to a higher caregiver burden, particularly among those caregivers who care for dependent older people in poor households. Longer duration of caregiving is a factor that mitigates this burden.

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          Most cited references43

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          Caregiver burden among dementia patient caregivers: a review of the literature.

          Lynn Etters, Debbie Goodall, Barbara Harrison (2008)
          To identify current evidence of factors influencing dementia-related caregiver burden (CB), describe patient and caregiver characteristics associated with CB, and describe evidence-based interventions designed to lessen the burden of caregiving. Comprehensive literature review of Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, MEDLINE, and Psych Info was performed for the years 1996-2006 of peer-reviewed journals using keywords CB and dementia. Dementia caregiving has been associated with negative effects on caregiver health and early nursing home placement for dementia patients. Many factors influence the impact of the caregiving experience such as gender, relationship to the patient, culture, and personal characteristics. Although various interventions have been developed with the goal of alleviating CB, evidence suggests that individually developed multicomponent interventions including a diversity of services will decrease burden, improve quality of life, and enable caregivers to provide at-home care for longer periods prior to institutionalization. The ability to properly assess the dementia patient-caregiver dyad related to CB is critical to decreasing its negative physical and psychological health outcomes. Appropriately tailored interventions can improve the health and well-being of both caregiver and patient.
          Article 0 comments Cited 324 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Measuring inequality with asset indicators

            David J. McKenzie (2005)
            Article 0 comments Cited 161 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Caring for a relative with dementia: family caregiver burden.

              Evridiki Papastavrou, Athena Kalokerinou, Savvas S Papacostas … (2007)
              This paper is a report of part of a study to investigate the burden experienced by families giving care to a relative with dementia, the consequences of care for the mental health of the primary caregiver and the strategies families use to cope with the care giving stressors. The cost of caring for people with dementia is enormous, both monetary and psychological. Partners, relatives and friends who take care of patients experience emotional, physical and financial stress, and care giving demands are central to decisions on patient institutionalization. A volunteer sample of 172 caregiver/care recipient dyads participated in the study in Cyprus in 2004-2005. All patients were suffering from probable Alzheimer's type dementia and were recruited from neurology clinics. Data were collected using the Memory and Behaviour Problem Checklist, Burden Interview, Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale and Ways of Coping Questionnaire. The results showed that 68.02% of caregivers were highly burdened and 65% exhibited depressive symptoms. Burden was related to patient psychopathology and caregiver sex, income and level of education. There was no statistically significant difference in level of burden or depression when patients lived in the community or in institutions. High scores in the burden scale were associated with use of emotional-focused coping strategies, while less burdened relatives used more problem-solving approaches to care-giving demands. Caregivers, especially women, need individualized, specific training in how to understand and manage the behaviour of relatives with dementia and how to cope with their own feelings.
              Article 0 comments Cited 150 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Ruttana Phetsitong: Role: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draft
                Patama Vapattanawong:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1967-4278
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Malee Sunpuwan: Role: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Marc Völker: Role: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                William Joe: Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Journal ID (pmc): plosone
                Title: PLoS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date (Electronic): 11 December 2019
                Publication date Collection: 2019
                Volume: 14
                Issue: 12
                Electronic Location Identifier: e0226330
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
                [2 ] Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
                Institute of Economic Growth, INDIA
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1967-4278
                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-19-03800
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226330
                PMC ID: 6905555
                PubMed ID: 31826014
                SO-VID: 74185fd8-5680-4ab9-9eed-2e403abd673a
                Copyright © © 2019 Phetsitong et al
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 8 February 2019
                Date accepted : 25 November 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 3, Pages: 18
                Funding
                Funded by: Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program
                Award ID: Grant No. PHD/0167/2557
                Award Recipient :
                This work was supported by the Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program (Grant No. PHD/0167/2557 to RP and PV). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Mental Health and Psychiatry
                Subject: People and Places
                Subject: Population Groupings
                Subject: Ethnicities
                Subject: Thai People
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Health Care
                Subject: Socioeconomic Aspects of Health
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Public and Occupational Health
                Subject: Socioeconomic Aspects of Health
                Subject: Social Sciences
                Subject: Sociology
                Subject: Education
                Subject: Educational Attainment
                Subject: People and Places
                Subject: Geographical Locations
                Subject: Asia
                Subject: Thailand
                Subject: People and Places
                Subject: Population Groupings
                Subject: Age Groups
                Subject: Earth Sciences
                Subject: Geography
                Subject: Geographic Areas
                Subject: Urban Areas
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Public and Occupational Health
                Subject: Behavioral and Social Aspects of Health
                Custom metadata
                Data Availability The Survey of Older Persons in Thailand 2007, 2011, and 2014 datasets which owned by the National Statistical Office of Thailand are available upon request as public availability would compromise participant confidentiality and privacy. The contact information to request these datasets is as follows: National Statistical Office, Ministry of Information and Communication Technology, The Government Complex, Ratthaprasasanabhakti Building, 2nd Floor, Chaeng Wattana Rd., Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand, Tel +66 2141 7498, Fax: +66 2145 8132, E-mail: services@ 123456nso.go.th , website: http://www.nso.go.th/sites/2014/Pages/home.aspx. We do confirm that our accessed the data used in our study, in the same manner, we expect future researchers to do so and we did not receive special privileges from the National Statistical Office of Thailand.

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