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      Dépistage sérologique de SARS-CoV-2 chez une population de personnel de santé à Nouakchott-Mauritanie Translated title: Serological tests for SARS-CoV-2 in a health workers population in Nouakchott-Mauritania

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          Abstract

          La première flambée de contagion respiratoire due à une étiologie inconnue a été signalée dans la ville chinoise de Wuhan décembre 2019. L´Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS), a utilisé le terme « nouveau coronavirus 2019 » le 29 Décembre 2019. Cette épidémie qui est actuellement appelée Coronavirus 2 du syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (SARS-CoV-2), la maladie causée par le SARS-CoV-2, a été par la suite appelée par l'OMS: maladie à Coronavirus 2019 ou COVID-19. L´objectif de cette étude était de déterminer la prévalence des anticorps anti SARS-CoV-2 chez tous les employés du centre hospitalier national de Nouakchott (CHN). L´étude a été menée pendant la semaine du 20/05/2020 au 27/05/2020 chez 853 employés tous grades confondus (médecins, pharmaciens, infirmiers, secrétaires, personnels de sécurité, administrateurs…) dont 504 de sexe masculin et 331 de sexe féminin soit un sex- ratio de 1,52 avec un âge moyen de 39 ans et des extrêmes d´âge de 20 ans et 60 ans. Ce dépistage à la recherche des anticorps IgG et IgM anti-SARS-CoV-2 a été réalisé par la technique immuno-chromatographique Biotime (Xiamen Biotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd.). Parmi les 835 employés inclus dans notre étude, 14 étaient positifs (soit 1.67%) dont 12 avaient des anticorps anti-SARS-CoV-2 de type IgM et IgG et deux (2) n´avaient que des IgM isolées. L’amplification en chaîne par polymérase (PCR) sur écouvillonnage naso-pharyngé, a été réalisée chez ces 14 patients et s´est révélée positive chez six. Si la PCR constitue le gold standard pour le diagnostic du SARS-CoV-2, les tests sérologiques à la recherche des anticorps anti SARS-CoV-2 particulièrement les tests de diagnostic rapide (TDR) constituent un complément diagnostic du COVID-19. Ils ont l´avantage de la facilité de réalisation, de leur sécurité aussi bien dans le laboratoire, dans les services cliniques ou en ville. Les TDR nous ont permis de détecter des porteurs du SARS-CoV-2 au sein des employés au CHN, ce qui a permis de les prendre en charge et de les isoler, en fonction des résultats de leurs PCR, pour protéger les patients ainsi que leurs entourages.

          Translated abstract

          The first outbreak of epidemic respiratory disease due to unknown etiology was reported in the Chinese city of Wuhan December 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) firstly used the term “new coronavirus 2019” on December 29, 2019. This pandemic, which is currently called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. It was subsequently called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the WHO. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in all employees of the Nouakchott National Hospital Center (CHN). The study was conducted during the week 20/05/2020 to 27/05/2020. It involved 853 employees of all ranks (doctors, pharmacists, nurses, secretaries, security personnel, administrators...) of whom 504 were male and 331 were female, with a sex ratio of 1,52 with an average age of 39 years, ranging from 20 to 60 years. The screening for IgG and IgM antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was performed using Biotime (Xiamen Biotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) immunochromatographic technique. Out of 835 employees included in our study, 14 were positive (1.67%) of whom 12 had IgM and IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and 2 had isolated IgM. Nasopharyngeal swab polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in these 14 patients and was positive in six. While PCR is the gold standard for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, serological tests for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, in particular rapid tests (RDTs) are a diagnostic complement to COVID-19. They have the advantage of being easy to realize, of being safe both in the laboratories and outside the laboratories. RDTs enabled us to detect asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers within CHN employees. This allowed for patients management and isolation to protect patients and their environments.

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          Most cited references12

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          A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019

          Summary In December 2019, a cluster of patients with pneumonia of unknown cause was linked to a seafood wholesale market in Wuhan, China. A previously unknown betacoronavirus was discovered through the use of unbiased sequencing in samples from patients with pneumonia. Human airway epithelial cells were used to isolate a novel coronavirus, named 2019-nCoV, which formed a clade within the subgenus sarbecovirus, Orthocoronavirinae subfamily. Different from both MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, 2019-nCoV is the seventh member of the family of coronaviruses that infect humans. Enhanced surveillance and further investigation are ongoing. (Funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China and the National Major Project for Control and Prevention of Infectious Disease in China.)
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            MERS, SARS and other coronaviruses as causes of pneumonia

            ABSTRACT Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been considered to be relatively harmless respiratory pathogens in the past. However, after the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and emergence of the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), HCoVs have received worldwide attention as important pathogens in respiratory tract infection. This review focuses on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical characteristics among SARS‐coronaviruses (CoV), MERS‐CoV and other HCoV infections.
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              Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of heat stroke in China

              Heat stroke (HS) is a fatal disease caused by thermal damage in the body, and it has a very high mortality rate. In 2015, the People’s Liberation Army Professional Committee of Critical Care Medicine published the first expert consensus on HS in China, Expert consensus on standardized diagnosis and treatment for heat stroke. With an increased understanding of HS and new issues that emerged during the HS treatment in China in recent years, the 2015 consensus no longer meet the requirements for HS prevention and treatment. It is necessary to update the consensus to include the latest research evidence and establish a new consensus that has broader coverage, is more practical and is more in line with China’s national conditions. This new expert consensus includes new concept of HS, recommendations for laboratory tests and auxiliary examinations, new understanding of diagnosis and differential diagnosis, On-site emergency treatment and In-hospital treatment, translocation of HS patients and prevention of HS.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pan Afr Med J
                Pan Afr Med J
                PAMJ
                The Pan African Medical Journal
                The African Field Epidemiology Network
                1937-8688
                18 January 2021
                2021
                : 38
                : 55
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Laboratoire de Biologie médicale du Centre Hospitalier National de Nouakchott, Nouakchott, Mauritanie,
                [2 ]Faculté de Médecine de Nouakchott, Nouakchott, Mauritanie
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Mohamed Lemine Ould Salem, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale du Centre Hospitalier National de Nouakchott, Nouakchott, Mauritanie. medleminesalem@ 123456yahoo.fr
                Article
                PAMJ-38-55
                10.11604/pamj.2021.38.55.24259
                8017368
                6c75e02e-19b0-465a-8f02-ee72949a7ee5
                Copyright: Mohamed Lemine Ould Salem et al.

                The Pan African Medical Journal (ISSN: 1937-8688). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 12 June 2020
                : 16 June 2020
                Categories
                Short Communication

                Medicine
                sars-cov-2,covid-19,amplification en chaîne par polymérase,test de diagnostic rapide,nouakchott,mauritanie,polymerase chain reaction,rapid diagnosis test,mauritania

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