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      Epicardial adipose tissue as a prognostic marker in acute pulmonary embolism Translated title: Epikardiales Fettgewebe als prognostischer Marker bei akuter Lungenembolie

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          Abstract

          Background

          Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been established as a quantitative imaging biomarker associated with disease severity in coronary heart disease. Our aim was to use this prognostic marker derived from computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for the prediction of mortality and prognosis in patients with acute pulmonary embolism.

          Methods

          The clinical database was retrospectively screened for patients with acute pulmonary embolism between 2015 and 2021. Overall, 513 patients (216 female, 42.1%) were included in the analysis. The study end-point was 30-day mortality. Epicardial adipose tissue was measured on the diagnostic CTPA in a semiquantitative manner. The volume and density of EAT were measured for every patient.

          Results

          Overall, 60 patients (10.4%) died within the 30-day observation period. The mean EAT volume was 128.3 ± 65.0 cm 3 in survivors and 154.6 ± 84.5 cm 3 in nonsurvivors ( p = 0.02). The density of EAT was −79.4 ± 8.3 HU in survivors and −76.0 ± 8.4 HU in nonsurvivors ( p = 0.86), and EAT density was associated with 30-day mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03; 1.1, p < 0.001) but did not remain statistically significant in multivariable analysis. No association was identified between EAT volume and 30-day mortality (OR = 1.0; 95% CI: 1.0; 1.0, p = 0.48).

          Conclusion

          There might be an association between EAT density and mortality in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Further studies are needed to elucidate the prognostic relevance of EAT parameters in patients with acute pulmonary embolism.

          Translated abstract

          Hintergrund

          Das epikardiale Fettgewebe ist mittlerweile bei koronarer Herzkrankheit als quantitativer bildgebender Biomarker als prognostischer Parameter etabliert. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, diesen prognostischen Marker, der aus der Computertomographie-Pulmonalisangiographie (CPTA) abgeleitet wird, für die Vorhersage der Mortalität und Prognose bei Patienten mit akuter Lungenembolie zu untersuchen.

          Methoden

          Retrospektiv wurde die klinische Datenbank im Hinblick auf Patienten mit akuter Lungenembolie zwischen den Jahren 2015 und 2021 analysiert. Es wurden 513 Patienten (216 Frauen, 42,1%) in die aktuelle Auswertung einbezogen. Studienendpunkt war die 30-Tage-Mortalität. Das epikardiale Fettgewebe wurde anhand der diagnostischen CTPA in semiquantitativer Weise gemessen. Dabei wurde das Volumen und die Dichte des epikardiale Fettgewebes für jeden Patienten ermittelt.

          Ergebnisse

          Innerhalb der 30 Tage Beobachtungsdauer verstarben 60 Patienten (10,4%). Das mittlere Volumen des epikardialen Fettgewebes betrug 128,3 ± 65,0 cm 3 bei den Überlebenden und 154,6 ± 84,5 cm 3 bei den Nichtüberlebenden ( p = 0,02). Bei den Überlebenden lag die Dichte des epikardialen Fettgewebes bei −79,4 ± 8,3 HU (Hounsfield-Einheiten) und den Nichtüberlebenden −76,0 ± 8,4 HU ( p = 0,86). Die Dichte des epikardialen Fettgewebes stand mit der 30-Tage-Mortalität in Zusammenhang (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1,07; 95%-Konfidenzintervall [95%-KI]: 1,03; 1,1; p < 0,001), blieb aber in der multivariablen Analyse nicht statistisch signifikant. Zwischen dem Volumen des epikardialen Fettgewebes und der 30-Tage-Mortalität fand sich kein Zusammenhang (OR = 1,0; 95%-KI: 1,0; 1,0; p = 0,48).

          Schlussfolgerung

          Möglicherweise besteht ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Dichte des epikardialen Fettgewebes und der Mortalität bei Patienten mit akuter Lungenembolie. Weitere Studien sind erforderlich, um die prognostische Bedeutung von Parametern des epikardialen Fettgewebes bei Patienten mit akuter Lungenembolie zu bestimmen.

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          Most cited references25

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          2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)

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            Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism

            Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, collectively referred to as venous thromboembolism, constitute a major global burden of disease. The diagnostic work-up of suspected deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism includes the sequential application of a clinical decision rule and D-dimer testing. Imaging and anticoagulation can be safely withheld in patients who are unlikely to have venous thromboembolism and have a normal D-dimer. All other patients should undergo ultrasonography in case of suspected deep vein thrombosis and CT in case of suspected pulmonary embolism. Direct oral anticoagulants are first-line treatment options for venous thromboembolism because they are associated with a lower risk of bleeding than vitamin K antagonists and are easier to use. Use of thrombolysis should be limited to pulmonary embolism associated with haemodynamic instability. Anticoagulant treatment should be continued for at least 3 months to prevent early recurrences. When venous thromboembolism is unprovoked or secondary to persistent risk factors, extended treatment beyond this period should be considered when the risk of recurrence outweighs the risk of major bleeding.
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              Management of massive and submassive pulmonary embolism, iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis, and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association.

              Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is responsible for the hospitalization of >250 000 Americans annually and represents a significant risk for morbidity and mortality. Despite the publication of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines to aid in the management of VTE in its acute and chronic forms, the clinician is frequently confronted with manifestations of VTE for which data are sparse and optimal management is unclear. In particular, the optimal use of advanced therapies for acute VTE, including thrombolysis and catheter-based therapies, remains uncertain. This report addresses the management of massive and submassive pulmonary embolism (PE), iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (IFDVT),and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). The goal is to provide practical advice to enable the busy clinician to optimize the management of patients with these severe manifestations of VTE. Although this document makes recommendations for management, optimal medical decisions must incorporate other factors, including patient wishes, quality of life, and life expectancy based on age and comorbidities. The appropriateness of these recommendations for a specific patient may vary depending on these factors and will be best judged by the bedside clinician.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                hans-jonas.meyer@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
                Journal
                Herz
                Herz
                Herz
                Springer Medizin (Heidelberg )
                0340-9937
                1615-6692
                17 October 2023
                17 October 2023
                2024
                : 49
                : 3
                : 219-223
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, ( https://ror.org/00ggpsq73) Magdeburg, Germany
                [2 ]Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, ( https://ror.org/05gqaka33) Halle, Germany
                [3 ]Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Leipzig, ( https://ror.org/03s7gtk40) Leipzig, Germany
                [4 ] Ruhr-University-Bochum, Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology and Nuclear Medicine, Johannes Wesling University Hospital, ( https://ror.org/04tsk2644) Minden, Germany
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8489-706X
                Article
                5210
                10.1007/s00059-023-05210-5
                11136740
                37847316
                64ccf565-e56e-4850-88dd-3582238c02c4
                © The Author(s) 2023

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 28 January 2023
                : 10 September 2023
                : 11 September 2023
                Funding
                Funded by: Universität Leipzig (1039)
                Categories
                Original Articles
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                © Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2024

                epicardial adipose tissue,computed tomography,pulmonary embolism,epikardiales fettgewebe,computertomographie ,lungenembolie

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