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      Contaminação por chumbo em Santo Amaro desafia décadas de pesquisas e a morosidade do poder público Translated title: Lead contamination in Santo Amaro defies decades of research and delayed reaction on the part of the public authorities

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          Abstract

          A contaminação por chumbo em Santo Amaro (BA) é estudada há quase 40 anos, desde as evidências encontradas no Rio Subaé e em amostras de sangue de trabalhadores da Companhia Brasileira de Chumbo (Cobrac), e de urina e cabelo de pescadores. A persistência da contaminação continua motivando novas pesquisas, mesmo após 20 anos do fechamento da Cobrac, o que evidencia a falta de políticas públicas para afastar o risco de contaminação da população exposta, principalmente crianças e mulheres adultas. Este artigo apresenta uma análise cronológica e crítica da produção científica sobre o caso, e discute a pouca participação das Ciências Sociais na discussão, assim como a necessidade de inclusão dos afetados, baseada na perspectiva da ampliação da comunidade de pares (FUNTOWICZ; RAVETZ, 1997). A partir da percepção de que as pesquisas não retornaram à comunidade (DI GIULIO, 2010), constatou-se em levantamento bibliográfico nas bibliotecas que apenas 6,45% da produção científica estavam disponíveis.

          Translated abstract

          The lead contamination in Santo Amaro (BA) has been studied for almost 40 years since the first evidences were found in blood samples from workers of the Brazilian Lead (COBRAC), and in urine and hair of fishermen. The persistence of the contamination continues motivating further research, even after 20 years of closure Cobrac, which highlights the lack of public policies to avert the risk of contamination of the exposed population, especially children and adult women. This article presents a chronological and critical analysis of scientific literature on the case and discusses the limited participation of the Social Sciences in the discussion, and the need for inclusion of affected based on the prospect of expanding the peer community (Funtowicz and Ravetz, 1997). From the perception that the research did not return to the community (Di Giulio, 2010), it was found that only 6.45% of this scientific production were available in local libraries.

          Translated abstract

          La contaminación por plomo en Santo Amaro (BA) ha sido estudiada desde hace casi 40 años, ya que la evidencia encontrada en el Río Subaé y em las muestras de sangre de los trabajadores de la Empresa Brasileña de Plomo (Cobrac), y en la orina y el pelo de los pescadores. La persistencia de la contaminación motiva nuevas investigaciones, incluso después de 20 años de cierre la Cobrac, lo que pone de manifiesto la falta de políticas públicas para evitar el riesgo de la población expuesta, especialmente niños. En este artículo se presenta un análisis cronológico y crítico de la literatura sobre el caso y se analiza la participación limitada de las Ciencias Sociales en la discusión, y la necesidad de incluir las personas afectadas según la perspectiva de la ampliación de la comunidad de pares (Funtowicz, Ravetz, 1997). Desde la percepción de que las investigaciones no regresaron a la comunidad (Di Giulio 2010), se encontró en estúdio en las bibliotecas locales que sólo un 6,45% de la producción científica estaban disponibles.

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            The Association Between Extreme Precipitation and Waterborne Disease Outbreaks in the United States, 1948–1994

            Rainfall and runoff have been implicated in site-specific waterborne disease outbreaks. Because upward trends in heavy precipitation in the United States are projected to increase with climate change, this study sought to quantify the relationship between precipitation and disease outbreaks. The US Environmental Protection Agency waterborne disease database, totaling 548 reported outbreaks from 1948 through 1994, and precipitation data of the National Climatic Data Center were used to analyze the relationship between precipitation and waterborne diseases. Analyses were at the watershed level, stratified by groundwater and surface water contamination and controlled for effects due to season and hydrologic region. A Monte Carlo version of the Fisher exact test was used to test for statistical significance. Fifty-one percent of waterborne disease outbreaks were preceded by precipitation events above the 90th percentile (P = .002), and 68% by events above the 80th percentile (P = .001). Outbreaks due to surface water contamination showed the strongest association with extreme precipitation during the month of the outbreak; a 2-month lag applied to groundwater contamination events. The statistically significant association found between rainfall and disease in the United States is important for water managers, public health officials, and risk assessors of future climate change.
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              The Social Fabric at Risk: Toward the Social Transformation of Risk Analysis

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                s_asoc
                Ambiente & sociedade
                Ambient. soc.
                ANPPAS (Campinas )
                1809-4422
                June 2013
                : 16
                : 2
                : 63-80
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal da Bahia Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal da Bahia Brazil
                Article
                S1414-753X2013000200005
                10.1590/S1414-753X2013000200005
                62c398f4-446a-433d-8790-8eb09e2a9dfc

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History

                regresso de investigaciones,ciências sociais,Contaminação,Chumbo,Santo Amaro,Retorno de pesquisas,Ciências sociais,Lead contamination,Social sciences,Return researches,contaminación,chumbo

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